1. The Wireless Revolution Dr. Tal Lavian http://cs.berkeley.edu/~tlavian tlavian@cs.berkeley.edu UC Berkeley Engineering, CET 1

2. What is a technological revolution? Historical period when dramatic socioeconomic change results from a technological evolution.

3. What is a technological revolution? Historical period when dramatic socioeconomic change results from a technological evolution.  The Printing Press  Gutenberg, c. 1650 Started the Information Revolution

4. What is a technological revolution? Historical period when dramatic socioeconomic change results from a technological evolution.  The Spinning Jenny  Patented 1770 by James Hargreaves Started the Industrial Revolution

5. The Computer: a Modern Technological Revolution? Is it too early to declare this invention revolutionary?  The computer  Z1—Boolean logic; 1938  Colossus—WWII decryption

6. Effects of Computing The Apollo astronauts carried slide rules to space The Apollo computer had only 72KB of ROM Can you name some example of how faster, massive computation abilities have affected the progress of science and technology since the 1950’s?

7. The Internet: a Modern Technological Revolution? Is it too early to declare this invention revolutionary?  The internet  ARPANET—1969  TCP/IP—1974

8. Effects of Internet As of 2010, only 26% of the world actually uses the internet. And yet, it affects:  Business practices  Media  Communication  Socialization  Privacy  Information availability Can you name another medium that makes instant information, instant long-distance communication, and instant massive audience available to “the common man”?

9. Wireless Revolution? Are smartphones and wireless technologies a technological revolution? How are Smartphones different from computers, internet?

10. The Wireless Revolution A synergistic convergence of revolutions in:  Bandwidth  Cloud computing  Apps  Social networking  Size  Battery life  Computing efficiency  Screen Result: MOBILITY Why is mobility significant?

11. Bandwidth Current advancement: 10s of megabits per second Almost free Whenever, wherever Significance:  Allows for off-phone computation and storage, via apps and cloud computing  Social networking (aka, more business opportunities)

12. Cloud Computing Cloud computing: delivers service to mobile devices or PCs  Computation  Softward applications  Data access  Data management  Storage resources Service vs Product Thus, mobile devices do not require high computing power and memory Applications: E-Commerce, learning and healthcare Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing http://blogs.marketwatch.com/cody/2011/04/30/best-stocks-for-the-cloud-revolution/

13. Apps Siri GPS and navigation Adobe Photoshop Statistical analysis You Tube User friendly, intuitive connection to the cloud

14. Social Networking Connecting with family, friends—love and relationships Sharing content (photos, videos, web links, locations etc)—self expression User profile and likes—self definition Recommending (Yelp, amazon.com)—community service Commenting on and creating blogs, wikis, chats—expertise, community leadership Source: http://therecoveringpolitician.com/contributors/jyb3/john-ys-musings-from-the-middle-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-and- wants

15. Social Networking Source: http://www.comscoredatamine.com/2011/05/mobile-social-media-usage-up-80-percent-in-the-uk/ Connecting with family, friends—love and relationships Sharing content (photos, videos, web links, locations etc)—self expression User profile and likes—self definition Recommending (Yelp, amazon.com)—community service Commenting on and creating blogs, wikis, chats—expertise, community leadership

16. Social Networking Powerful emotional connection to social networking == $$$$$ Connecting with family, friends—love and relationships Sharing content (photos, videos, web links, locations etc)—self expression User profile and likes—self definition Recommending (Yelp, amazon.com)—community service Commenting on and creating blogs, wikis, chats—expertise, community leadership

17. Social Networking Ads Pay-per-click Free advertizing:  Likes  Shares  Links “donate”, “vote” buttons Search engine optimization Amazon, Ebay, Etsy Political donations Online petitions Powerful emotional connection to social networking == $$$$$ On phone, only possible due to high wireless bandwidth

18. The Wireless Revolution A synergistic convergence of revolutions in:  Bandwidth  Cloud computing  Apps  Social networking  Size  Battery life  Computing efficiency  Screen Result: MOBILITY

19. Size Size is vital to mobility and usefulness: Such size would not be possible without advances in touchscreen, computing, and battery technologies. Phone3 – 7 oz Surface/Tablet /Pad7oz - 1.5 lbs Walkman/Player/Pod0.5 - 7 oz

20. Screens: What was wrong with the old ones? Remember dumb phones? 1 or 2 line screen Sanyo phone with internet access: TFT screen, only navigable with buttons. The old Palm Pilot screen: Resistive touch-screen  No multi-touch  No fingers  Low quality images

21. The Modern HD Capacitive Touchscreen High resolution  arguably the maximum perceivable amount of detail at a 1 foot distance (960×640, 78 micrometers per pixel) Supports multi-touch  For humans, the hand is the most intuitive and satisfying tool

22. Battery Lithium ion polymer battery—flexible and compact  Li has high energy to weight ratio  Rechargeable  Electrolyte: polymer instead of liquid  higher energy density than normal lithium ion batteries  Electrodes and separators are laminated to each other  thus, no need for rigid metal casing to press them together no metal casing = lighter battery  can be produced in a variety of shapes ideal for thin phones Future: nanowire batteries? printable zinc batteries?

23. Computing Apollo: 72 KB of ROM, weighed 70 lbs Smartphone: 512 MB of DRAM and 32 GB “storage”, weighs 4 oz  That’s over 2 million–fold increase in efficiency System on a chip Source: http://www.ubergizmo.com/2011/04/system-on-a-chip/

24. There’s even room for: Camera and front camera Three microphones Gyroscope Accelerometer Magnetometer (aka compass) Proximity sensor Surround sound

25. In Summary: the Smartphone Revolution In the last twenty years, we’ve observed a convergence of multiple rapidly-improving technologies, including:  Bandwidth  Computation  Silicon  Apps  Social networking  Battery life  Screen The result is a technological revolution: the wireless mobile device.