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2. GigE camera interface opens up new possibilities Presentation at Vision 2005 Industrial Vision Days Stuttgart Messe JAI Camera Solutions Gunnar Jonson

3. Scope of presentation u Rationale for serial camera interfaces u Comparison of interface alternatives u Adapting Gigabit Ethernet for Vision u Frame Grabber-free solution u GigE cameras for Vision u Possible system configurations u Roadmap of future cameras u Conclusions

4. Rationale for serial camera interfaces u The traditional means of connecting cameras in machine vision (and other similar applications) is through a dedicated frame grabber/ image acquisition board installed in a PC. PC u With the exception of designing proprietary interfaces, the market has for a long time relied on analogue and parallel digital interfaces. u There has, however, always been a desire to have a standardized serial digital interface that connects directly into a PC, without the need for a specialized interface card.

5. Rationale for serial camera interfaces u Several computer industry based interfaces, such as Ethernet, USB and FireWire have been early candidates for serving as a digital serial camera interface. u Shortcomings in transmission speed, transmission efficiency and standardization ruled these candidates out for many years, and the industry has continued to use frame grabber based solutions.

6. Rationale for serial camera interfaces u Recently, serial interfaces have been able to prove themselves in machine vision type applications. u This is thanks to increased standardization (IIDC / IEEE 1392) and increased transmission speed (IEEE 1394B and USB2), bundled with aggressive market pricing. u Gigabit Ethernet is also proving to be a serious contender, thanks to the GigE Vision initiative. u The next slide provides comparison of the various camera interfaces.

7. Comparison of different interfaces Technology: GigE Vision IIDC IEEE 1394B USB2 Camera Link Analogue Coax or Twisted Pair Type of standard: Commercial Consumer/ Computer Network Consumer/ Office Commercial Commercial /Broadcast Connection Type: Point to point or LAN link (Cat 5 TP - RJ45) Peer to peer – shared bus Master/slave – shared bus Point to point – link (MDR 26 pin) Point to point/multiplexed Performance: <1000Mb/s continuous mode, equivalent to 100 Mbytes/sec <800Mb/s continuous mode, equivalent to 65 Mbytes/sec <480Mb/s USB2 burst mode <2380Mb/s (base) <7140Mb/s (full) continuous mode Depends on digitization in Frame Grabber CPU Load LowLowHighLowLow Distance: -max w/switch -max w/fiber <100m (no switch) No Limit <4.5m72m200m<5m30m<10m Repeater is possible 100’s of meters Max number of devices: Unlimited631271 Depends on MUX PC Interface GigE NIC (on mother board) PCI card On mother board PCI Frame grabber

8. Adapting Gigabit Ethernet for Vision u Gigabit Ethernet in itself provides 10 times higher bandwidth than 100 BaseT ethernet, which brings promise for use as a camera interface. u However, the inherent overhead of Ethernet for computer networks using standard TCP/IP Windows stack makes it less attractive for demanding applications due to: l Small packets l High CPU usage u By adopting a modified protocol [based on UDP] with “jumbo” packets and by implementing a high performance driver reducing CPU usage to a few percent, an attractive solution is created. u A standardization committee, consisting of around 40 members, supported by AIA, is responsible for creating an industry standard for camera interfacing based on Gigabit Ethernet. u This standard is named GigE Vision.

9. Adapting Gigabit Ethernet for Vision Standard packet: 1440 Bytes (56 Bytes header) ”Jumbo” packet: Max. 16224 Bytes (one 56 Bytes header) 96.1% efficiency* 99,7% efficiency* In combination with a High Performance Driver, based on TCP/IP offload-engine, it provides higher transmission efficiency and drastically reduces CPU usage. (High CPU overhead for sending many small packets) (Very low CPU overhead as only one packet) *) Comparison based on sending 16224 bytes of data

10. Adapting Gigabit Ethernet for Vision u Here is an explanation of the different protocols that can be employed for Gigabit Ethernet :

11. Adapting Gigabit Ethernet for Vision Windows’ own standard network stack, TCP/IP. u Advantages: l Possible to use one and the same NIC (Network Interface Card) for both normal networking and video. l Works with all network interface cards (NIC). u Disadvantages: l Very CPU demanding due to IRQ generation (about 50%). l Max 68 MB/s on 2.8GHz Pentium 4 with Hyperthreading. u When to use: l For very low resolution cameras with low frame rate, but in reality no practical use in machine vision.

12. Adapting Gigabit Ethernet for Vision Windows TCP/IP stack function

13. Adapting Gigabit Ethernet for Vision Universal IP Filter Driver combined with TCP/IP. (Is actually a network service that filters IP packets out.) u Advantages : l Tries to use DMA for more efficient video transfer to PC memory. l Uses less CPU compared to Windows stack. (82MB/s at 15%CPU). l Possible to use one NIC for both normal networking and video. l Can be used with almost any NIC. u Disadvantages : l Not as efficient as High Performance driver u When to use : l Simple applications where data and image need to share the same network.

14. Adapting Gigabit Ethernet for Vision IP filter driver function

15. Adapting Gigabit Ethernet for Vision High Performance Driver, UDP/IP: u Advantages: l Uses DMA for streaming video directly to memory. l Very low CPU load. (108MB/s at 2% CPU load). l High bandwidth. l Can act as DHCP server. u Disadvantages: l Limits the use of the NIC to GigE Vision applications. l Currently only available for Intel PRO/1000 family adapters.

16. Adapting Gigabit Ethernet for Vision High Performance driver function

17. Frame Grabber-free solution u The availability of high performance serial interfaces eliminates the need for a dedicated frame grabber/image capture card in the PC for a majority of applications. u There are, however, functions provided by more advanced image capture cards, that now need to be accomodated by the camera: l Flat field / shading correction l Color interpolation l Image compression l LUT l Etc... u The camera also needs to have the capabilty to handle simple I/O functions, which today is seen on the more advanced frame grabbers.

18. Frame Grabber-free solution Lens Image sensor Digitizing Pre-processing Timing Interface PLC Cat-5e Ethernet cable up to 100 m Local I/Os: -Trigger input -Results output Illumination control Image Processing in PC Illumination (Lens Iris Video) Power Example showing Gigabit Ethernet camera interface, with additional functionality

19. Frame Grabber-free solution u Configuration tool for Cam2Net and GigE cameras. u Can save camera setup in xml-files. Connecting to a GigE device:

20. Frame Grabber-free solution Setting the image properties Example

21. Frame Grabber-free solution u To provide plug-and-play functionality, GigE Vision compatible cameras must support GenICam. u The initial implementation requires just having an XML file inside the camera. By accessing this XML file the host can identify the camera type, discover which functions are available (with their respective parameters) and subsequently configure the camera. l This is done via the GenApi module u Later GenICam will be expanded to also include functionality for controlling image grab and apending images with time-stamp and other artefacts. Generic Interface for Cameras &

22. 100110001010001110001010011100100100011101100011001010001000 PC Possible system configurations Point-to-point (One camera, one PC) GigE Switch Many-to-one (Multiple cameras, one PC) One-to-many (broadcast) (One or several cameras, with several PCs)

23. GigE cameras for Vision u A number of manufacturers are already launching products based on the GigE camera interface, even before the standard has been ratified. l JAI Camera Solutions (under the PULNiX brand) l Tattile l Prosilica l SVS-Vistek l Others following… u This is clear evidence of the fact, that the numerous advantages of the GigE interface have been recognized. u Once the GigE Vision standard has been ratified, the number of camera manufacturers adopting the standard is expected to grow rapidly. u GigE Vision will also make use of increased speed in future, by upgrading to 10 GigE.

24. GigE cameras for Vision u TM(C)-6740GE l 640 x 480 pixels l 1/3” format l 200 frames / sec. u TM(C)-4100GE l 2048 x 2048 pixels l 1.2” format l 15 frames/sec. u TM(C)-1405GE l 1392 x 1040 pixels l 1/2” format l 30 frames/sec. u TM(C)-1327GE l 1392 x 1040 pixels l 2/3” format l 30 frames/sec. u Monochrome and color versions u Compact housing: 51 x 51 x 85 mm u SDK and reference application included

25. GigE cameras for Vision u Compact housing

26. Roadmap for future cameras u JAI is basing the future product strategy on GigE Vision, as a generic serial interface providing: l Smaller cameras l Higher performance l Cost reduction u Customers can expect to see a broad line-up of products featuring: l Resolution ranging from VGA to megapixel l Monochrome and color l Extensive pre-processing capability l Higher interface speed (10 GigE) l Ease of implementation n Self describing cameras – Gen Cam

27. Conclusions u Digital serial camera interfaces are here to stay. u IEEE 1394-IIDC has created a lot of interest and provides cost effective solutions for industrial vision. u USB2 can be used in certain industrial applications, but with limitations in performance and cable length. u GigE Vision is destined to become the serial cameras interface of choice in the future, thanks to: l 100% supported by the computer industry (software & hardware) l Longer cable lengths, 100 meters without hubs/switches. l Higher bandwidth, with a roadmap for 10 Gigabit. l Ease of installation, cables can be manufactured on site. l Designed for the industry, by the industry, without any baggage from consumer related applications.

28. Thank you for your attention! Further information in Hall 04 – Stand 620 or at www.jai.com

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