1. The Potential of Geographic Information Systems to Facilitate Data-Driven Prevention: The Case of Tobacco Indiana Prevention Resource Center Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP Ruth Gassman, PhD Desiree Goetze, MPH National Prevention Network Annual Conference Lexington, Kentucky August 28, 2006

2. What You Will Learn: Components of GIS system and costs How GIS Can Help You with Program Planning –Obtain Demographic Background –Profile Needs, Resources –Locate Problem Area or Target Audience –Inform Decisions about Strategy Selection –Enhance Cultural Competency –Obtain Funding How GIS Can Help You with Program Evaluation –Create a Risk/Protection Surveillance System –Track Change How GIS Can Help You Do Research –Conduct Research to identify relationships among environmental and health variables

3. I. Components of a GIS System Minimal Equipment and Personnel Skill Requirements

4. Stages for Data Import/Analysis Stage 1: Extract data Stage 2: Simple data imports & analysis Stage 3: Complex data import & analyze

5. Stage One Objective: GIS to Inform Program Planning –Identify Problem Area or Find Target Audience –Obtain Demographic Background –Inform Decisions about Strategy Selection –Enhance Cultural Competency Equipment: Computer Hardware and Software –Standard Desktop/Laptop and Printer –GIS software: MapInfo and PCensus for MapInfo. Or ArcView equivalent Data: Purchased Databases –AGS Core Demographics, Consumer Spending, and MRI Lifestyle Variables or Claritas Equivalent Kinds of Skills (Capacity Building) –Computer Literacy and Intro to Microsoft Excel

6. Levels of Software Tools MapInfo, PCensus, Maploader (1)

7. Levels of Data Complexity Purchased GIS data (1)

8. Examples of Data AGS, Claritas™ Map files (1)

9. Levels of Skill Complexity Basic Computer And Printer (1)

10. Stage Two Objectives: GIS to Monitor Program Effectiveness –Create a Risk/Protection Surveillance System –Track Change Additional Equipment: Geocoding Software –MapMarker Geocoding Software –Color Printer Additional Data: –Local program and local geographic location data to be imported Additional Skills (Capacity Building) –Patience and precision –Microsoft Excel and some Microsoft Access preferable

11. Levels of Software Required MapInfo, PCensus, Maploader (1) Mapmarker Geocoding software, Excel & Access (2)

12. Levels of Data Complexity Purchased GIS data (1) Imported data (free or purchased) (2)

13. Examples of Data AGS, Claritas™, Map files (1) Program Data, Address Data, Health Data (public or purchased) (2)

14. Levels of Skills Required Basic Computer (1) Geocoding, Excel and Access (2)

15. Stage Three Objectives: GIS to Support Research –to study relationships among environmental and health variables Additional Equipment: Geocoding Software –SPSS Software Additional Data (to be imported): –Local data –Public data –Purchased data Additional Skills (Capacity Building) –Excellent Microsoft Excel and Access skills –Excellent statistical analysis and SPSS skills

16. Levels of Software Required MapInfo, PCensus, Maploader (1) Mapmarker Geocoding software, Excel & Access (2) SPSS (3)

17. Levels of Data Complexity Purchased GIS data (1) Imported data (free or purchased) (2) More complex imported data (free or purchased) (3)

18. Examples of Data AGS, Claritas™ (1) Program Data, Address Data, Health Data (public or purchased) (2) Mortality Report Data Morbidity Data (public or purchased) (3)

19. Levels of Skill Complexity Basic Computer (1) Geocoding, Excel and Access (2) Excel, Access, SPSS (3)

20. Examples of Data AGS Core Demographics from Tetrad Program Enrollment/Completion Numbers Pre and Post- Test Scores Addresses (e.g., of programs, outlets, agencies) Data that needs cleaning, linking, reordering (e.g., Health Department Reports Data that involves coding, joins, restructuring (e.g., Religent Planning 2 Morbidity Data Data from analyses involving statistical calculations (e.g., importing data results from your analysis for mapping)

21. II. How GIS Can Help You with Program Planning Obtain Demographic Background Profile Needs, Resources Locate Problem Area or Target Audience Inform Decisions about Strategy Selection Enhance Cultural Competency Obtain Funding

22. Examples of Demographics Population Age Race/Ethnicity Marital Status Income Occupation Health Insurance Status Health Status Behaviors: Spending, Drug Use Behaviors: Crime

23. Forest Manor / Martindale-Brightwood Neighborhoods The Place: Neighborhood

24. [ Children in Poverty ] / [ Total Children ] Locate Problem Area: Child Poverty AGS Indiana Core Demographics

25. Locate Target Audience Where are the 10-14 year olds in Marion County? They are in the areas that are darkest green.

26. AGS Indiana Core Demographics Study a Place

27. 46218 AGS Indiana Core Demographics The Place: Government Boundaries

28. AGS Indiana Core Demographics Risk/Protective Factors AGS Indiana Core Demographics

29. Education, Less Than HS Diploma AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center Source: GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

30. By Census Tract and w/in a 1 Mile Radius of John Marshall Middle School Data for addresses of retail tobacco outlets were contributed by the Indiana State Excise Police TRIP Inspection Program. Less Than 9 th Grade Education

31. Insurance Coverage AGS Indiana Core Demographics, 2002 est.

32. Insurance Coverage Source: MRI Consumer Behavior

33. Single-Parent Families (#) 492 180 418 212 303 226 212 AGS Indiana Core Demographics

34. Combined Indicators: Single- Parent Families & Poverty Number of Single Parent-Families in Poverty in Each Block Group in Blue Box AGS Indiana Core Demographics

35. Working Parents Children Aged 6-17 Living with… Marion County Forest Manor/ Brtwd-Mrtndle Neighborhood #%#% Two parents who work57,9724338311 One parent who works4,1001301,99855 Source: U.S. Census 2000, SF3

36. AGS Indiana, Crime Risk Personal Crime Indices Marion County Forest Manor/ Brtwd-Mrtndle Neighborhood Total Crime Index202283 Personal Crime Index221275 Murder255178 Rape222234 Robbery223356 Assault185328

37. AGS Indiana, Crime Risk 2002 (2003) Property Crime Indices Marion County Forest Manor/ Brtwd-Mrtndle Neighborhood Total Crime Index202283 Property Crime Index183291 Burglary183297 Larceny148273 Car Theft218302

38. AGS MRI Consumer Behavior 2002 (2003) Voting and Volunteerism Marion County Forest Manor/ Brtwd-Mrtndle Neighborhood In the Last Year, Percentage of Adults Who… Voted in Federal, State or Local Election44.033.0 Actively worked as a Volunteer16.810.0

39. Income See Relationships between Data 10-17 Year Olds

40. 6.6 Household Spending on Alcohol Table 6.6: Per Household Spending on Alcohol (AGS, Consumer Spending, 2004, 2005) Per Household Spending on Alcohol, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005) HamiltonIndianaU.S. Consumer spending on alcoholic beverages646439460 Spending on Alcohol for Consumption outside the Home279188197 Beer and ale away from home926265 Wine away from home432930 Whiskey away from home724850 Alcohol On Out-Of-Town Trips724952 Spending on Alcohol for Consumption in the Home366250261 Beer and ale at home211145152 Wine at home896063 Whiskey and other liquor at home664546 Source: GIS in Prevention, Hamilton County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

41. Spending on Beer/Ale for Home AGS, Consumer Spending, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center Source: GIS in Prevention, Hamilton County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

42. 6.7 Household Spending on Tobacco Table 6.7: Per Household Spending on Tobacco Products, Miscellaneous Reading and Personal Insurance (AGS, Consumer Spending, 2004, 2005) Per Household Spending on Tobacco, 2004, est. (AGS, 2005) MorganIndianaU.S. Per Household Spending on Tobacco Products 448428443 Cigarettes 405388400 Other Tobacco Products 434144 Per Household Spending on Misc. Reading 254245257 Newspapers 113109114 Magazines 545254 Books 878488 Personal insurance 547523552 Source: GIS in Prevention, Morgan County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

43. Race, Black Source: GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

44. Race, Black Source: GIS in Prevention, Dubois County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

45. Ethnicity, Hispanic/Latino Source: GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

46. Ethnicity, Hispanic/Latino Source: GIS in Prevention, Dubois County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

47. Ethnicity: Hispanic/Latino Source: GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

48. Inform Decision about Strategy Which Curricula? For whom? Which problem? Which Domain to focus on? Parent? Child? Which Communication Strategy to use? Words or pictures? Phone Calls? Literacy level? Where to Focus your efforts? Program location? What Criteria to apply? Poverty? Working parents? What Services to offer? Transportation? Food? Extend of Need? Limit or expand service area?

49. Stage Two Enhancements Importing Local Data Geocoding Percentages, Rates and Rankings Analysis and Custom Mapping

50. Stage Two: Importing Local Data Methamphetamine Lab Seizures

51. Imported Data: Meth Busts, 2005 Total lab busts to mid October, 846 Indiana Prevention Resource Center Source: IN State Police, 2005

52. Stage Two: Geocoding Program Locations and Studying Risk/Protective Factors ARII Location Relative to Persons in Poverty and Families in Poverty

53. Geocoding of Afternoons R.O.C.K. in Indiana Programs

54. Afternoons Rock in IN Programs Fort Wayne, Indiana

55. Persons Living in Poverty (Percent) Fort Wayne city, IN, by BG Over 25% 14 to 25% 7 to 14% 4 to 7% 0 to 4 % Persons in Poverty and Program Placement Fort Wayne, Indiana

56. Families in Poverty and Program Placement

57. Numbered Block Groups Have Over 50% of Families w/ Children under 18 Living in Poverty Fort Wayne, Indiana

58. Stage Two: Enhanced Analysis for Risk/Protection Adding Percentages, Rates and Rankings

59. 5.7 Educational Attainment Table 5.7: Educational Attainment (AGS, 2004 est., 2005) Educational Attainment (%), 2004 est. (AGS, 2005) Dubois Co.IndianaU.S. Less than 9th grade 9.15.37.6 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 10.812.612 Total, Less Than 9th or Less Than HS Diploma 19.917.819.6 High school graduate 44.737.228.6 Some college, no degree 13.919.821.1 Associate degree 7.45.86.3 Bachelor's degree 9.212.215.6 Graduate or profession degree 4.97.28.9 Rank for % of Pop 25+ w/ less than HS diploma 3926th of 51 Rank for % of Pop 25+ w/ a college degree 2243rd of 51 Source: GIS in Prevention, Dubois County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

60. 5.8 Households (Families, w/ Child, Income) Table 5.8: Median Age and Household Income (AGS, 2004 est., 2005) Households, Families, and Income, 2004 est. FayetteIndianaU.S. Households (2004) 10,4622,465,349112,708,665 Families (2004) 7,1911,659,69475,740,018 Households with children (2004) 3,482864,29640,102,709 Average Household Income 51,90657,00063,396 Per capita income 22,05922,80724,583 Rank for Ave HH Income High- Low 5728th of 51 Rank for Per Cap Income H-L 3125th of 51 Average Age of Householder 45-54 yrs. Source: GIS in Prevention, Fayette County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

61. 5.9 Families (by type) Table 5.9a: Types of Households with Children (AGS, 2004 est., 2005); Median Family Income (AGS, 2004 est., 2005) Types of Households w/ Children and Median Family Income, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005) CountyHamilton Co.IndianaU.S. HHs w/ children (2004) 36,645864,29640,102,709 Married Couple Family (Percent) 84.17069 Lone Parent Male (Percent) 3.96.96.8 Lone Parent Female (Percent) 11.421.823.2 Non-family Male Head (Percent) 0.51.10.8 Non-family Female Head (Percent) 0.10.2 Median Family Income 86,22254,39354,087 Rank for Married Couple Family (% of HHs w/ children) 126th of 51 Rank for Median Family Income 121st of 51 Source: GIS in Prevention, Hamilton County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

62. 6.12a Crime Indices Table 6.12b: Specific Crimes, Indices (AGS Crime Risk 2004, 2005) Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) CountyDeKalbIndianaU.S.IN Rank in US Total Crime Index 179310130th of 51 Personal Crime Index 147410126th of 51 Property Crimes 1711010227th of 51 Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) -- Rankings DeKalbIN Rank in US Rank Total Crime Index 75 30th of 51 Rank Personal Crime 75 26th of 51 Rank Property Crimes 71 27th of 51 Source: GIS in Prevention, DeKalb County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

63. 6.12b Crime Indices Table 6.12b: Specific Crimes, Indices (AGS Crime Risk 2004, 2005) Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) TippecanoeIndianaUS Personal Crime Index 4874101 Murder Index48107100 Rape Index10494101 Robbery Index2776101 Assault Index4570101 Property Crime Index 97110102 Burglary Index8698102 Larceny Index153109102 Motor Vehicle Theft Index 41142101 Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) -- Rankings TippecanoeIN Rank in US Rank Personal Crime 1626th of 51 Rank Murder3118th of 51 Rank Rape728th of 51 Rank Robbery1525th of 51 Rank Assault3029th of 51 Rank Property Crime 1227th of 51 Rank Burglary1521st of 51 Rank Larceny424th of 51 Rank Motor Vehicle Theft 147th of 51 Source: GIS in Prevention, Tippecanoe County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

64. 6.18 Food Stamp Recipients Table 6.18: Food Stamp Recipients per Month in 2004 (FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2005) and Rate per 1,000 Total Population for 2004 and 2005 and Change in Rate (calculations from the IPRC based on data from FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2004 and 2005). CSAP calculates this as the average number of persons who receive food stamps each month, stated as the rate per 1,000 persons in the total population. This statistic for Indiana comes from Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Family Resources Bureau as reported in the Indiana Youth Institute Kids Count in Indiana 2005. The rate calculation comes from the Indiana Prevention Resource Center. The following table shows the rate for 2004 for Marion County with comparisons for the state and nation. Food Stamps, 2004 (FSSA, Family Resources Bureau, 2006) MarionIndiana Population, 2004 864,200 6,230,346 Food Stamp Recipients per mo., 2004 104,832 516,360 Rate per 1000 persons, 2004121.382.9 Rate per 1000 persons, 2003105.173.1 Change in Rate per 1,000 from 2003 to 200416.29.8 Rank for 2004 Rate per 1,000 Persons3 Source: GIS in Prevention, Marion County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

65. Stage Two: Analyzing Data and Custom Mapping Property Crime Indices To show County Relative to IN and US Rates

66. Map: Property Crime Indices Bottom Quarter, Mid Range, Top Quarter (includes over IN & over US) Above US (9), 101.55-194 Above IN (12), 95.55-194 Top Quarter (23), 64-194 Mid Range (46), 19-64 Lowest Quarter (23), 4-19 AGS, Crime Indices 2004 (2005) Indiana Prevention Resource Center

67. How GIS Helps You Obtain Funding Provides Demographic Background Facilitates Profile of Needs/Resources Documents Locate Problem Area/ Target Audience Helps Justify Decisions about Strategy Selection Explains Aspects of Cultural Competency

68. Outcomes-Based Prevention Substance- related problems Effective Prevention: Intervening Variables Strategies/P rograms Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Re-Planning Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, SAMHSA, CSAP

69. Outcomes-Based Prevention Sustainability & Cultural Competence Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, SAMHSA, CSAP Profile population needs, resources, and readiness to address needs and gaps Monitor, evaluate, sustain, and improve or replace those that fail Develop a Comprehensive Plan Implement evidence- based prevention programs and activities Mobilize and/or build capacity to address needs

70. How GIS Helps Obtain Funding Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, SAMHSA, CSAP Assessment CONVINCE THEM OF THE NEED Describe Your Plan Base on Literature, Logic Model Step-by-Step Blueprint Build in Evaluation Capacity Highlight AWARENESS, WHAT YOU BRING WHAT YOU GAIN Evaluation: Plan for on-going Monitoring and Evaluation Implementation: Explain Rationale for choice of evidence-based strategy and activities Cultural Competence Sustainability

71. III.GIS for Program Evaluation (a Stage Two Activity) Create a Risk/Protection Surveillance System Track Change

72. Geocoding Failed TRIP Inspections Indiana Prevention Resource Center Source: IN State Excise Police, TRIP Source: GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

73. Schools in Proximity to Failed TRIP Inspections Indiana Prevention Resource Center Source: IN State Excise Police, TRIP Allen County Source: GIS in Prevention, Allen County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

74. Schools in Proximity to Failed Trip Inspections Clark County Source: GIS in Prevention, Clark County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

75. Schools in Proximity to Failed Trip Inspections, Close-up Clark County -- Clarksville Source: GIS in Prevention, Clark County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006) Middle School Outlet Selling To Minor

76. IV. GIS for Research Conduct Research to Identify Relationships among Environmental and Health Variables

77. What You Have Learned: Components of GIS system and costs How GIS Can Help You with Program Planning –Obtain Demographic Background –Profile Needs, Resources –Locate Problem Area or Target Audience –Inform Decisions about Strategy Selection –Enhance Cultural Competency –Obtain Funding How GIS Can Help You with Program Evaluation –Create a Risk/Protection Surveillance System –Track Change How GIS Can Help You Do Research –Conduct Research to identify relationships among environmental and health variables