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Published byErnest Gilbert Modified over 9 years ago
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IPv6 – part I. FUNDAMENTALS AND PROTOCOLS / ICND 1
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IPv4 vs. IPv6 Header
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IPv4 vs. IPv6 Features
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IPv6 benefits More efficient routing; Quality of service (QoS) Elimination of the NAT requirement Network Layer security with end-to-end IPsec Ease of management using stateless address autoconfiguration Improved header format to reduce header overhead.
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IPv6 Addressing IPv6 address = 128b Unknown address::/128 Loopback address::1 Link-local addressFE80::/10 Site-local addressFEC0::/10 – deprecated Unique localFD00::/8 Global addressAll otherwise not reserved, ie. 2000::/3 Multicast addressFF00::/8 Anycast address
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Link-local address Unique only on individual link. Link-local addresses are never routable!
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Unique local address Prefix FD00::/8 Similar to privite IPv4 addresses Not registered globaly like Global Unicast addresses FD [8b] + Global ID [40b] + Subnet [16b] + Interface ID [64b] Not routed over public Internet
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Multicast address Multicast address is an indetifier for a group of nodes What‘s the difference to Broadcast? Broadcast packets are not routable, and every node on a subnet must process them. In IPv6 ICMPv6 messages - MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery) are used for Multicast group management
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Anycast address Anycast address can be assigned to multiple nodes in the group Routing protocol takes a decision to route a packet to nearest node What‘s the difference to Multicast? Multicast – all nodes in the group process the packet
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Global unicast address Routed over public Internet, globally unique Assigned by registered authorities (IANA, RIR, LIR) IPv6 global address 2001:DEAD:BEEF::/48 2001:DEAD:BEEF:0001::/64 2001:DEAD:BEEF:0001:0000:0000:0000:0001 = 2001:DEAD:BEEF:1::1/128
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IPv6 Protocols OSPF upgraded to version 3 ICMP upgraded to ICMPv6 ARP replaced by NDP
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ICMPv6 performs error reporting, diagnostic functions Message types Destination unreachable Time exceeded Echo request, reply NDP Router advertisement, Router solicitation, Neighbor advert., Neighbor sol. …
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Neighbor Discovery Protocol Layer 2 protocol Responsible for address autoconfiguration of nodes discovery of other nodes on the link determining the Link Layer addresses of other nodes duplicate address detection finding available routers
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EUI-64 format
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IPv6 routing protocols IPv4 RIPv2, OSPFv2, EIGRP, BGP, ISIS IPv6 RIPng, OSPFv3, EIGRPv6, BGP, ISIS
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Other IPv6 features Stateless autoconfiguration Statefull autoconfiguration DHCPv6
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