1. Environmental Simulation of Circuit Board Epoxy Group Members Greg Kurtz Brad Walsh Brad Grimmel Jeff Baudek

2. Project Overview Lockheed/Martin is having a problem with cracking in circuit boards and circuit board epoxy Project involves Repairing an environmental chamber Duplicating the cracking through physical testing Using FEA/FEM to model circuit boards Proposing a solution

3. Environmental Chamber Must cycle temperature from –50°C to 80°C in one hour

4. Repairs Made to Chamber Replaced Blower motor Selected and Purchased new controller Rewired LN2 solenoid and cables between chamber and controller Made new wiring diagrams for operator references Had new 208V 40A power outlet installed in NHMFL

5. Testing of Repaired Chamber Chamber was cycled through maximum range of –73°C to 316°C Chamber is capable of completing diurnal cycle from –50°C to 80°C in less than one hour

6. Circuit Board Testing Purpose of testing was to simulate the effect of the standard military diurnal cycle on a UR-329 encapsulated circuit board

7. Preparation Procedure 1.Heat mold to 100°C and apply releasing agent 2.Mix resin and hardener and insert into vacuum chamber (samples were also prepared without vacuum) 3.Curing period (either normal or accelerated cure)

8. Physical Testing Samples were then cycled between –50 deg C and 80 deg C each hour Samples were checked approximately every 25 cycles Samples were exposed to approximately 550 cycles during testing

9. SEM Untreated Samples

10. SEM thermally cycled sample

11. Results of Testing Cracking in epoxy

12. Results of Testing (Cont’d) Cracking in circuit board

13. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) 2-D and 3-D models made using FEA programs Ansys and Algor Assumptions Uniform Temperature Distribution Constraint of zero displacement at two corners Constant Material Properties

14. FEA Schematics Circuit Board Epoxy Fixed Points Circuit BoardEpoxy Fixed Points 2-D3-D

15. 2-D Ansys Model

16. 3-D Ansys Model

17. 3-D Algor Model

18. Results of FEA 2-D Ansys model showed stresses that were below the yield point of the circuit board 3-D Ansys model was inaccurate due to constraints 3-D Algor model showed that the stress present in the circuit board was below the yield point

19. Thermal Stress Calculations Axial and Bending Stress due to temperature variations in the circuit board and epoxy were done to supplement the FEA FeFe FbFb FbFb FeFe MM

20. Model Setup Assumed: Constant value of E and CTE Epoxy delaminated from the circuit board Uniform temperature distribution  L = L o  T Basic Equations:

21. UR-329 Elastic Modulus

22. UR-329 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

23. Results of Calculations Calculated Axial stresses were below the yield stress of the ceramic throughout the entire temperature range Calculations determined that with a constant CTE of 191.7*10 -6 /°C an Elastic Modulus of 4230 psi for the epoxy is needed to crack the circuit board due to bending stress which occurs within the diurnal cycle specified by Lockheed/Martin for testing

24. Summary Repair of Environmental Chamber Recreation of circuit board and epoxy cracking through physical testing and observed using SEM FEA was completed Thermal stress calculations revealed that circuit board should crack

25. Recommendations Use epoxy with A modulus of elasticity with a lower glass transition temperature A decreasing coefficient of thermal expansion with decreasing temperature Further investigation of: Fatigue properties of circuit board Adhesive properties of the epoxy Examine use of different epoxy fillers