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Impact of Pruning Young Loblolly Pine Trees: Ten-year Growth Results Ralph L. Amateis and Harold E. Burkhart Department of Forest Resources and Environmental.

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Presentation on theme: "Impact of Pruning Young Loblolly Pine Trees: Ten-year Growth Results Ralph L. Amateis and Harold E. Burkhart Department of Forest Resources and Environmental."— Presentation transcript:

1 Impact of Pruning Young Loblolly Pine Trees: Ten-year Growth Results Ralph L. Amateis and Harold E. Burkhart Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech

2 Purpose: summarize growth results from two pruning studies: What is the impact of early pruning on height and dbh growth? Is it feasible to prune some of the trees in young stands?

3 FIELD STUDY: what is the impact of pruning on height and dbh growth? RCB Design: 2 locations, 4 blocks/location and 5 plots/block Treatment plots with six rows, six trees per row Sixteen interior measurement trees 10 ft x 10 ft square spacing Planted with genetically improved seedlings Competition control through age 2 Annual measurements of Dbh, height, and crown dimensions

4 Early Tree Pruning (ETP) STUDY: How does severe pruning at young ages impact growth? Control Prune ½ the crown at 3 yrs Prune ½ the crown at 6 yrs Prune ½ the crown at 9 yrs Prune ½ the crown at 3, 6, 9 yrs

5 Age 3 Pruning Treatment: ½ live crown length removed

6 Removing ½ of Live Crown Length Age 6 Age 9

7 Analysis ANOVA methods with comparisons of treatment means versus the control mean (Dunnett’s test)

8 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3 After 3 rd yr 0.687 After 6 th yr 0.223 After 9 th yr 0.694 After 3,6,9 yr 0.911 Adj. P-values for Height Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

9 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4 After 3 rd yr 0.6870.008 After 6 th yr 0.2230.767 After 9 th yr 0.6940.953 After 3,6,9 yr 0.9110.002 Adj. P-values for Height Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

10 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5 After 3 rd yr 0.6870.0080.196 After 6 th yr 0.2230.7670.977 After 9 th yr 0.6940.9530.991 After 3,6,9 yr 0.9110.0020.264 Adj. P-values for Height Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

11 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6 After 3 rd yr 0.6870.0080.1960.624 After 6 th yr 0.2230.7670.9770.805 After 9 th yr 0.6940.9530.9910.495 After 3,6,9 yr 0.9110.0020.2641.000 Adj. P-values for Height Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

12 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6Yr 7 After 3 rd yr 0.6870.0080.1960.6240.394 After 6 th yr 0.2230.7670.9770.8050.675 After 9 th yr 0.6940.9530.9910.4950.797 After 3,6,9 yr 0.9110.0020.2641.0000.698 Adj. P-values for Height Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

13 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6Yr 7Yr 8 After 3 rd yr 0.6870.0080.1960.6240.3940.936 After 6 th yr 0.2230.7670.9770.8050.6750.306 After 9 th yr 0.6940.9530.9910.4950.7970.999 After 3,6,9 yr 0.9110.0020.2641.0000.6980.595 Adj. P-values for Height Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

14 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6Yr 7Yr 8Yr 9 After 3 rd yr 0.6870.0080.1960.6240.3940.9360.696 After 6 th yr 0.2230.7670.9770.8050.6750.3060.073 After 9 th yr 0.6940.9530.9910.4950.7970.9990.359 After 3,6,9 yr 0.9110.0020.2641.0000.6980.5951.000 Adj. P-values for Height Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

15 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6Yr 7Yr 8Yr 9Yr 10 After 3 rd yr 0.6870.0080.1960.6240.3940.9360.6960.998 After 6 th yr 0.2230.7670.9770.8050.6750.3060.0730.899 After 9 th yr 0.6940.9530.9910.4950.7970.9990.3590.024 After 3,6,9 yr 0.9110.0020.2641.0000.6980.5951.0000.012 Adj. P-values for Height Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

16 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3 After 3 rd yr 0.980 After 6 th yr 0.932 After 9 th yr 0.485 After 3,6,9 yr 0.961 Adj. P-values for Dbh Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

17 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4 After 3 rd yr 0.980<.0001 After 6 th yr 0.9320.467 After 9 th yr 0.4850.894 After 3,6,9 yr 0.961<.0001 Adj. P-values for Dbh Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

18 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5 After 3 rd yr 0.980<.00010.300 After 6 th yr 0.9320.4670.998 After 9 th yr 0.4850.8940.974 After 3,6,9 yr 0.961<.00010.013 Adj. P-values for Dbh Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

19 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6 After 3 rd yr 0.980<.00010.3000.914 After 6 th yr 0.9320.4670.9980.999 After 9 th yr 0.4850.8940.9741.000 After 3,6,9 yr 0.961<.00010.0131.000 Adj. P-values for Dbh Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

20 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6Yr 7 After 3 rd yr 0.980<.00010.3000.9140.840 After 6 th yr 0.9320.4670.9980.999<.0001 After 9 th yr 0.4850.8940.9741.0000.193 After 3,6,9 yr 0.961<.00010.0131.000<.0001 Adj. P-values for Dbh Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

21 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6Yr 7Yr 8 After 3 rd yr 0.980<.00010.3000.9140.8400.855 After 6 th yr 0.9320.4670.9980.999<.00010.030 After 9 th yr 0.4850.8940.9741.0000.1930.999 After 3,6,9 yr 0.961<.00010.0131.000<.00010.770 Adj. P-values for Dbh Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

22 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6Yr 7Yr 8Yr 9Yr10 After 3 rd yr 0.980<.00010.3000.9140.8400.8550.208 After 6 th yr 0.9320.4670.9980.999<.00010.0300.136 After 9 th yr 0.4850.8940.9741.0000.1930.9990.992 After 3,6,9 yr 0.961<.00010.0131.000<.00010.7701.000 Adj. P-values for Dbh Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

23 Prune ½ Live Crown Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6Yr 7Yr 8Yr 9Yr10 After 3 rd yr 0.980<.00010.3000.9140.8400.8550.2080.670 After 6 th yr 0.9320.4670.9980.999<.00010.0300.1360.896 After 9 th yr 0.4850.8940.9741.0000.1930.9990.992<.0001 After 3,6,9 yr 0.961<.00010.0131.000<.00010.7701.000<.0001 Adj. P-values for Dbh Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

24 After 10 years : Height: Only age 3-6-9 lift treatment is shorter than control. Dbh: Only age 6 lift and the age 3-6-9 lift treatment have smaller Dbh than control.

25 Another question regarding pruning: Is it feasible to prune some of the trees in a loblolly pine stand?

26 FIELD STUDY RCB Design: 2 locations, 4 blocks/location and 5 plots/block Treatment plots with eight rows, eight trees/row Thirty-six interior measurement trees 6 ft x 6 ft square spacing Planted with genetically improved seedlings Competition control through age 2 Annual measurements of Dbh, height, crown dimensions

27 Some Tree Pruning (STP) STUDY: Is it feasible to prune some of the trees in a stand? Treatments After Year 6 Control Prune 25% of the live crown length on all the trees Prune 50% of the live crown length on all the trees Prune 25 % of the live crown length on ½ the trees Prune 50% of the live crown length on ½ the trees Scheme for systematically pruning ½ the trees on a plot

28 Control Plot at Age 6

29 Age 6 Pruning Treatments Remove ¼ crown on all trees Remove ¼ crown on every other treeRemove 1/2 crown on every other tree Remove 1/2 crown on all trees

30 TreatmentYr 5Yr 6Yr 7Yr 8Yr 9Yr 10 Prune ¼ crown on all trees 0.9960.999 0.9870.9860.826 Prune ½ crown on all trees 0.6010.9780.8500.0050.9130.509 Prune ¼ crown on some trees 0.9530.6910.9810.9990.9140.331 Prune ½ crown on some trees 0.2970.5850.8370.0350.9540.158 Adj. P-values for Height Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

31 TreatmentYr 5Yr 6Yr 7Yr 8 Prune ¼ crown all trees 0.9340.8520.0971.000 Prune ½ crown all trees 0.3740.999<.00010.090 Prune ¼ crown on some trees 1.0000.4610.5820.999 Prune ½ crown on some trees 0.1710.9960.0010.326 Adj. P-values for Dbh Growth: Treatment Plots vs Control Plot Prune

32 TreatmentYr 6Yr 7Yr 8Yr 9 Prune ¼ crown ½ trees 18 Unpruned trees 18 Pruned trees 0.859 0.849 0.953 1.000 0.992 1.000 0.310 Prune ½ crown ½ trees 18 Unpruned trees 18 Pruned trees 0.735 0.807 1.000 0.551 0.554 0.015 0.997 0.548 Adj. P-values for Height Growth: Plots Where Some of the Trees are Pruned vs Control Plot

33 TreatmentYr 6Yr 7Yr 8Yr 9 Prune ¼ crown ½ trees 18 Unpruned trees 18 Pruned trees 0.820 0.569 1.000 0.198 0.980 1.000 0.973 0.974 Prune ½ crown ½ trees 18 Unpruned trees 18 Pruned trees 0.998 1.000 0.531 <.0001 0.985 0.018 0.967 1.000 Adj. P-values for Dbh Growth: Plots Where Some of the Trees are Pruned vs Control Plot

34 After 10 years: Height: No impact on height development Dbh: Only heavily pruned trees with unpruned neighbors exhibit reduced Dbh growth

35 Overall Conclusions Light pruning affects neither height nor diameter. Following severe pruning, height growth of pruned trees is little affected even where neighbors remain unpruned; diameter growth is more negatively impacted than height growth. Pruning some of the trees in a stand does not improve the growth of neighboring unpruned trees. Growth recovery occurs quickly following pruning. Pruning treatments employing multiple lifts negatively impacts height and diameter.

36 Questions?

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