1. Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Second Edition Chapter 5: Sampling and Probability iClicker Questions Copyright © 2012 by Worth Publishers Susan A. Nolan and Thomas E. Heinzen

2. Chapter 5 1.A sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected into the study is called a: a) convenience sample. b) random sample. c) general sample. d) volunteer sample.

3. Chapter 5 (Answer) 1.A sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected into the study is called a: a) convenience sample. b) random sample. c) general sample. d) volunteer sample.

4. Chapter 5 2. Truly random samples are rarely used in research in the social sciences because: a) there is no way to know if a sample is random. b) people vary too much, from person to person, in order for them to be randomly selected. c) science has not yet developed the methods and procedures to allow for us to randomly select from a population. d) we almost never have access to the whole population from which to select the sample.

5. Chapter 5 (Answer) 2. Truly random samples are rarely used in research in the social sciences because: a) there is no way to know if a sample is random. b) people vary too much, from person to person, in order for them to be randomly selected. c) science has not yet developed the methods and procedures to allow for us to randomly select from a population. d) we almost never have access to the whole population from which to select the sample.

6. Chapter 5 3. When a researcher uses a convenience sample instead of a random sample to conduct a study, the researcher is limiting the study’s: a) sample size. b) confounds. c) generalizability. d) number of research participants.

7. Chapter 5 (Answer) 3. When a researcher uses a convenience sample instead of a random sample to conduct a study, the researcher is limiting the study’s: a) sample size. b) confounds. c) generalizability. d) number of research participants.

8. Chapter 5 4. Which of the following statements is true about random assignment? a) With random assignment research participants are randomly placed into one of the conditions of the experiment. b) With random assignment research participants are randomly selected into a study from a population. c) Random assignment is necessary when designing a correlational research study. d) Random assignment will result in a flawed research design.

9. Chapter 5 (Answer) 4. Which of the following statements is true about random assignment? a) With random assignment research participants are randomly placed into one of the conditions of the experiment. b) With random assignment research participants are randomly selected into a study from a population. c) Random assignment is necessary when designing a correlational research study. d) Random assignment will result in a flawed research design.

10. Chapter 5 5.The phenomenon of believing one sees an association between variables when no such association exists is called a(n): a) confirmation bias. b) null hypothesis. c) illusory correlation. d) Type I error.

11. Chapter 5 (Answer) 5.The phenomenon of believing one sees an association between variables when no such association exists is called a(n): a) confirmation bias. b) null hypothesis. c) illusory correlation. d) Type I error.

12. Chapter 5 6. The likelihood of an event occurring based on the actual outcome of many, many trials is called: a) personal probability. b) expected relative-frequency probability. c) subjective probability. d) outcome-success-trail probability.

13. Chapter 5 (Answer) 6. The likelihood of an event occurring based on the actual outcome of many, many trials is called: a)personal probability. b)expected relative-frequency probability. c) subjective probability. d) outcome-success-trail probability.

14. Chapter 5 7. To calculate probability which formula should you use? a) Probability = failures/trials b) Probability = outcomes/trials c) Probability = successes/trials d) Probability = trials/successes

15. Chapter 5 (Answer) 7. To calculate probability which formula should you use? a) Probability = failures/trials b) Probability = outcomes/trials c) Probability = successes/trials d) Probability = trials/successes

16. Chapter 5 8. A probability multiplied by 100 is called a: a) proportion. b) personal probability. c) correlation. d) percentage.

17. Chapter 5 (Answer) 8. A probability multiplied by 100 is called a: a)proportion. b)personal probability. c)correlation. d)percentage.

18. Chapter 5 9. The statement that postulates that there is no difference between populations (or that the difference is in a direction opposite from that anticipated by the researcher) is called the: a)experimental hypothesis. b)null hypothesis. c)research hypothesis. d)rejected hypothesis.

19. Chapter 5 (Answer) 9. The statement that postulates that there is no difference between populations (or that the difference is in a direction opposite from that anticipated by the researcher) is called the: a)experimental hypothesis. b)null hypothesis. c)research hypothesis. d)rejected hypothesis.

20. Chapter 5 10. Dr. Gullums completes an experiment where the mean of the experimental group is significantly higher than the mean of the control group (as she had hypothesized). This will lead Dr. Gullums to: a)reject the null hypothesis. b)fail to reject the null hypothesis. c)reject the research hypothesis. d)do all of the above.

21. Chapter 5 (Answer) 10. Dr. Gullums completes an experiment where the mean of the experimental group is significantly higher than the mean of the control group (as she had hypothesized). This will lead Dr. Gullums to: a)reject the null hypothesis. b)fail to reject the null hypothesis. c)reject the research hypothesis. d)do all of the above.

22. Chapter 5 11. If we reject the null hypothesis, but it was a mistake to do so, it is called a(n): a)Type I error. b)Type II error. c)Type III error. d)Illusory correlation.

23. Chapter 5 (Answer) 11. If we reject the null hypothesis, but it was a mistake to do so, it is called a: a)Type I error. b)Type II error. c)Type III error. d)Illusory correlation.

24. Chapter 5 12. Dr. Robinson conducted an experiment where she failed to reject the null hypothesis even though it was false. Psychologists call this a: a) Type I error. b) Type II error. c) Type III error. d) None of these.

25. Chapter 5 (Answer) 12. Dr. Robinson conducted an experiment where she failed to reject the null hypothesis even though it was false. Psychologists call this a a) Type I error. b) Type II error. c) Type III error. d) None of these.