1. BIOMEDICAL REPAIR

2. Prosthetics Prosthesis
An artificial extension that replaces a missing body part

3. Typically used to replace a missing body part or enhance a defective body part
Lost by injury (trauma)
Missing from birth (congenital)

4. Common uses: artificial heart valves

6. Artificial hearts and lungs

10. Artificial eyes

11. dentures

14. Prosthetic enhancement
2008, Oscar Pistorius was disqulified as an olympic runner due to the “unfair mechanical advantage” of his prosthesis

15. Mechanical parts could soon surpass human equivalents in their efficiency…

16. Part of biomechatronics: the science of using mechanical devices with human muscle, skeleton, and nervous systems to assist or enhance motor control lost by trauma, disease, or defect

17. Biosensors detect what the user wants and relay that information through the user’s nervous/skeletal system to a controller
The controller located inside the device will than control the device, sensing the limb’s position and force

18. Claudia Mitchell, former Marine, has been working withRecently, Claudia Mitchell, a former Marine and amputee, has tested a prosthetic arm developed by Dr. Todd Kuiken at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. A plastic surgeon, Dr. Gregory Dumainian at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago re-directed the nerves that control her missing arm to her chest. The nerves re-grew close to the skin of her chest. Tiny electrodes on her skin pick up the electrical activity of these nerves and send signals to the motors in the arm. She is able to control the arm's movements by thinking about it. As of now, the prosthetic arm is not truly biomechatronic in that signals only go one way, from Claudia to the arm. Dr. Kuiken is working on the next step of having the arm provide feedback to her, including sensations such as pain and pressure.

19. Can be used to enhance our own function, ex. carry a large/heavy load

20. Artificial organs
Man-made device that is implanted into a human to replace a natural organ to restore a specific function
Not external (ex. dialysis machnie) but internal

21. An extremely expensive process, used for:
Life support to prevent imminent death while awaiting a transplant (e.g. artificial heart)
Dramatic improvement of the patient's ability for self care (e.g. artificial limb)
Improvement of the patient's ability to interact socially (e.g. cochlear implant)
Cosmetic restoration after cancer surgery or accident

22. Types of artificial organs:
Brain pacemaker
Sends electrical impulses to brain to relieve depression, epilepsy, tremors

24. Artificial valves
Especially at ends of stomach, to help with function of sphinters
Used for esophageal cancer, reflux disease

25. Artificial pacemaker
Electronic device that helps to keep the heart contractions regular

27. Artificial ear
Cochlear implants to help with hearing or cosmetic repair

29. Cosmetic Surgery Has been around since ancient times:
Ancient Romans used to repair damaged ears
One of the most common is skin grafts

30. Can be reconstructive: to correct functional impairments caused by injuries (ex. burns, car accidents, cancer, etc.)

31. Or can be cosmetic, to cause “enhancement” of appearance
were performed in US in 2007
Most common: tummy tuck, eyelid tuck,

32. …mammoplasty (breast reduction/augmentation)

33. Buttock augmentation, chemical peels, rhinoplasty, etc. etc.

34. Nose job: $4,000 to $7,000
Facelift: $7,000 to $10,000
Breast implants: $5,000 to $8,000
Liposuction: $2,000 to $10,000, depending on how many areas fat is removed from and what technique the surgeon uses to remove it
Tummy tuck: $6,000 to $8,000
Vein treatment: $500 to $2,000 per treatment, depending on the technique used
Dermabrasion: $2,000 to $4,000