1. EWEC 02/2006 Dr.-Ing. Kurt Rohrig Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik Verein an der Universität Kassel e. V. www.iset.uni-kassel.de Introduction Wind power integration in Germany Wind Farm Cluster Management XLS Virtual Power Plants Extra Large Scale Virtual Power Plants – New Concepts to Integrate German Wind Potential into Electrical Energy Supply EWEC 2006, Athens Business, Science & Technology

2. EWEC 02/2006 Wind Energy in Germany 18300 MW 17400 WT as of 12/2005 wind generation 25,9 TWh in 2004 26,3 TWh in 2005 Introduction

3. EWEC 02/2006 Typical load profile in Germany 1.-7. May yesterday: konv. generation = load Introduction

4. EWEC 02/2006 Load profile & wind generation today today: konv. generation = load – wind generation Introduction

5. EWEC 02/2006 Step 1: Online model calculates from few measured windfarms the current power for all plants Step 2: Prediction model calculates on the basis of the current power of all plants and the weather forecast the future wind power feed-in Accuracy in the statistical average over 95 % for the D+1 forecast over 96 % for the 4 hours forecast Applications: E.ON-Netz Vattenfall Europe Transmission RWE Transportnetz Strom EnBW Transportnetze Forecast for the current wind power feed-in Wind Power Integration in Germany

6. EWEC 02/2006 Wind Power Measurement Network Measurements at representative wind farms (substations) E.ON: 69 sites 2356 MW (33,2 %) VE-T: 17 sites 725 MW (11,4 %) RWE: 16 sites 461 MW (15,2 %) EnBW: 7 sites 108 MW (41,3 %) Total: 111 sites 3650 MW (21,8 %) Wind Power Integration in Germany

7. EWEC 02/2006 Wind Power Integration in Germany Wind generation – online, day-ahead forecast

8. EWEC 02/2006 Wind Power Integration in Germany Wind generation – online, 4 hour forecast

9. EWEC 02/2006 Horizontal exchange of wind power generation Wind Power Integration in Germany

10. EWEC 02/2006 I/Ro 1/2002 Wind Power Integration in Germany

11. EWEC 02/2006 Load profile & wind generation today today: konv. generation = load – wind generation Wind Power Integration in Germany

12. EWEC 02/2006 Considering planned installations offshore further growth up to 40 GW is expected Wind Power Integration in Germany

13. EWEC 02/2006 Traditional CHP Hydro Wind Bio fuel Photovoltaic EC- Targets 2010 - generation 40 % Peak Load contribution 60 % 6 12 18 24 100 25 50 75 P, % -25 Pump storage generation Pump load Average renewable & CHP generation Traditional generation MAX How to handle the surplus? Source SIEMENS Wind Power Integration in Germany

14. EWEC 02/2006 Load profile & wind generation 2015 tomorrow: konv. generation = load – wind generation = 0 !! Wind Power Integration in Germany

15. EWEC 02/2006 The intermittent generation in range of several (tenth) GW has increasing influence on two important areas of TSOs tasks: Wind Farm Cluster Management grid management frequency control and requires new concepts and strategies for management and control of WTs, wind farms and wind farm clusters

16. EWEC 02/2006 Cluster Management Aggregation of large on- and offshore wind farms allows innovative control strategies Functions: Consideration of data from online acquisition and prediction Aggregation and distribution of predicted power generation to different clusters (scheduling) Consideration of network restrictions arising from network topology Consideration of restrictions arising from power plant scheduling and electricity trading Scaling of threshold values Allocation of target values to different clusters Wind Farm Cluster Management

17. EWEC 02/2006 equivalent circuit diagram Wind Farm Cluster Management

18. EWEC 02/2006 Wind farm control with 11 Enercon E 66  reactive power provision  default maximum active power feed  schedule setting  voltage control on high/extra-high voltage level  control power provision  ability for primary control Wind Farm Cluster Management

19. EWEC 02/2006 Reserve power supply (500 MW) Wind Farm Cluster Management

20. EWEC 02/2006 Index Wind Farm Cluster Management

21. EWEC 02/2006 Cluster-Management Wind Farm Cluster Management

22. EWEC 02/2006 Future Scenarios wind power generation in 10th GW range effects prediction errors in GW range large wind power fluctuations cannot be compensated only by control power interventions (control strategies) of WTs are limited Extra Large Scale Virtual Power Plants pooling of wind, CHP, storage devices and special conventional power plants to generation clusters fast and precise adjustment with modern ICT and innovative generation management continental energy exchange with consideration of RE generation of all partners Control Centre 2010 active integration of generation pools into grid management active contribution of next generation WTs to system reliability XLS Virtual Power Plants

23. EWEC 02/2006 Make intermittend wind power generation compilant to electrical supply system and minimize the need of reserve and control power XLS Virtual Power Plants

24. EWEC 02/2006 XLS Virtual Power Plants

25. EWEC 02/2006 XLS Virtual Power Plants Generation-Pooling by extra large virtual power Plants with consideration of grid security and supply reliability

26. EWEC 02/2006 Control Centre 2010 XLS Virtual Power Plants

27. EWEC 02/2006 Contact: k.rohrig@iset.uni-kassel.de