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Cell Theory and Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
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What is a Cell? Cell – Basic unit of living things. Organisms are either: Unicellular – made of one cell such as bacteria and amoebas. OR Multicellular – made of many cells such as plants and animals.
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Scientists to Remember Robert Hooke (1665) – Observed “cells” in cork
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674) Father of Microscopy Saw tiny living things in pond water.
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Scientists Robert Hooke (1665) – Observed “cells” in cork Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674) – Saw tiny living things in pond water. Matthias Schleiden (1838) – Plants are made of cells. Theodor Schwann (1839) – Animals are made of cells. Rudolf Virchow (1855) – New cells come from existing cells.
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Scientists Janet Plowe (1931) – Cell membrane is a physical structure. Lynn Margulis (1970) – Organelles were once free-living cells.
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Cell Theory Confirmed discoveries that all scientists believe to be true about cells: 1. Cells are the basic unit of life. 2. All living things are made of cells. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
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Microscopes Light Microscope – magnifies tiny organisms up to 1,000 times. -Uses light and lenses. -We use these. Electron Microscope – magnifies up to a million times. -Uses electrons.
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The Discovery of Cells before nucleus true nucleus
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Eukaryotes 1. DNA is stored in a membrane-bound nucleus 2. Bigger and more complex than prokaryotes 3. Have membrane-bound Organelles ( mitochondria, golgi body, lysosomes…etc) 4. Can be uni- OR multicellular organisms 5. Evolved around 1.7 billion years ago 6. Ex: animals, plants, fungi
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Prokaryotes 1. NO nucleus 2. NO membrane bound organelles (just ribosomes) 3. ALL are unicellular 4. Smaller than eukaryotic cells 5. Evolved around 3.5 billion years ago 6. Ex: ALL Bacteria
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Similarities 1. Contain all four organic molecules (lipids, carbs, proteins, and nucleic acids) 1. Have ribosomes 2. Have DNA 3. Similar Metabolism 4. Can be unicellular 5. Have cell/plasma membranes or cell wall
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