1. UNDERSTANDING ACTION: TIME, TENSE, AND VOICE By reviewing:By introducing: -4 verb forms-active voice -simple tenses-passive voice -progressive tensesa) past participles -perfect tensesb) agent by+doer -verb consistency

2. A. How many different forms of the verb to read are used here?  John: Have you read Twilight? Is it any good?  Anne: I read it last year when I was in 7th grade. I read it all in 1 month!  John: The teacher said we will read it sometime before November.  Anne: I hope besides reading, we also watch the movie.

3. Just 1 pair of jeans can have 4 looks 1. BASE FORM 2. PRESENT PARTICIPLE FORM 3. PAST FORM 4. PAST PARTICIPLE FORM

4. to read being used here are: The 4 forms of the verb to read being used here are:  John: Have you read Twilight? Is it any good?  Anne: I read it last year when I was in 7th grade. I did it all in 1 month!  John: The teacher said we will read it sometime before November.  Anne: I hope besides reading, we also watch the movie. a)Past, past participle, future, progressive b)Past participle, past, base, present participle c)Present perfect, past participle, base, progressive d)Present, past, future, present progressive

5. PRACTICE 1: Which verb form is it? 1.We left school early yesterday. _______ 2.They had left before the cops arrived._____ 3.Don´t leave things unattended. _______ 4.If you do, the custodian will leave them at the information desk. ________ 5.Who has already left? ________ 6.Should we leave now? ________ 7.To leave class without permission is not recommended. _________ 8.Have they left any trace of the murder?___

6. ANY QUESTIONS SO FAR?

7. B. REVIEWING SIMPLE TENSES  Simple tenses DefinitionExampleProgressive form PRESENT Indicates that something exists or is happening now Anne thinks this book is great. Anne is not reading at the moment. PAST Indicates that someting existed or happened in the past Anne read the book last year. John was talking to Anne about it. FUTURE (shall/will) Indicates that something will exist or will happen soon The class will study it. Anne will be waiting for the movie.

8. C. REVIEWING PERFECT TENSES  Perfect tenses DefinitionExampleProgressive form PRESENT PERFECT (has or have + Past participle) Indicates something existing or happening sometime before now, with the effects continuing into the present Anne has thought about reading this book again. She has been reading other books this year. PAST PERFECT (had + Past participle) Indicates something existed or happened before a specific time in the past Anne had read the book before John did. John had been reading Science Fiction books in 2009. FUTURE PERFECT (will/shall have + Past participle) Indicates something will be existing or happening before a specific time in the future After Nov., the class will have read it. The movie will have been seen by this class.

9. D. COMPARING SIMPLE TENSES  Simple tenses Example 1These tenses In Spanish Example 2 PRESENT Anne thinks this book is great. PRESENTE SIMPLE Yo como pollo frito con tenedor y cuchillo. PAST Anne read the book last year. PRETÉRITO IMPERFECTO Y PRETÉRITO PERFECTO SIMPLE La amaba a ella como nunca amé a nadie antes. FUTURE (shall/will) The class will study it. FUTURO SIMPLE Me compraré lo que quiera con mi primer salario.

10. E. COMPARING PERFECT TENSES  Perfect tenses Example 1These tenses In Spanish Example 2 PRESENT PERFECT (has or have + Past participle) Anne has thought about reading this book again. PRETÉRITO PERFECTO COMPUESTO Ana ha leído otros libros en este año. PAST PERFECT (had + Past participle) John had read Science Fiction books in 2009. PRETÉRITO PLUSCUAM- PERFECTO (ANTERIOR) Juan había leído obras de ciencia ficción en el 2009. FUTURE PERFECT (will/shall have + Past participle) The show will have finished by noon. FUTURO PERFECTO El show habrá terminado para el mediodía.

11. Practice 2: Which verb tense is it? 1.We left school early yesterday. _______ 2.They had left before the cops arrived._____ 3.Don´t leave things unattended. _______ 4.If you do, the custodian will leave them at the information desk. ________ 5.Who has already left? ________ 6.Are we leaving now? ________ 7.To leave class without permission is not recommended. _________ 8.Have they left any trace of the murder?___

12. JOKE TIME  Mother: "This is the worst report card I've ever seen." Son: "Look at the bright side; you know I'm not cheating."  Two balloons are floating across the desert. One balloon says to the other: "Look out for the cactussssssssssss!"

13. C. WHAT IS VERB CONSISTENCY?  It is important to keep verb tenses consistent. Avoid unnecessary shifts into the present or another tense.  Your listeners must understand when exactly an action took place. So, stick to the same verb tense.  If you report something in dialogue, make sure the verb in the lines are consistent.

14. Actions occur at different times...  John walks.  John walked.  John will walk. With separate sentences, it´s easier to get when an action happens. Exs.:  John ________ overtime last week.  John must _______ 12 hrs each day.  John _________overtime tomorrow.

15. When separate sentences are in a paragraph, the time of each action is more difficult to determine. Practice 3: Are all verbs consistent here? A.John entered the library. He speaks to the librarian. He walked from stack to stack looking for something in particular. Finally, John chooses a book.  THE TIME OF ALL ACTION WORDS MUST BE THE SAME IN A PARAGRAPH.

16. COMPLETE THE JOKE CONSISTENTLY! B. Worms´ Joke It ______ the first day of Biology for a group of teenagers. The professor had ________ a short demonstration for the class. He ________ a worm and _________ it into a glass of water. The worm _________about in the water. Then he _______ for a second worm and dropped it into a glass of alcohol. The worm immediately _______. The professor ______ the students if anyone ________ what the point of the demonstration ________. A boy _______ his hand and ________, "You're showing us that if we drink alcohol, we won´t have worms.“ BE-ARRANGE-TAKE-DROP-WRIGGLE -GO-DIE-ASK-KNOW-BE-RAISE-SAY WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE VERBS WEREN´T CONSISTENT?

17. D. VOICE: ACTIVE vrs. PASSIVE  We use the active when we want to focus on who does the action.  We use the passive when we want to focus on what happens to the object. Examples: Costa Ricans import manufactured goods. Manufactured goods are imported by Costa Ricans.

18. Practice 4: Transform into passive  French people eat snails.  The teacher is using examples.  She opened the back door.  We have written a summary.  Mom had kept a diary.  He will report the news.  The judges would give the results.  I would have cleaned it if you´d asked.  Students can read the book in one month.  The dancers must practice the routine now.

19. Practice 4: Answers (Notice how pers. pronouns change to object)  Snails are eaten by French people.  Examples are being used by the teacher.  The back door was opened by her.  A summary has been written by us.  A diary had been kept by Mom.  The news will be reported by him.  The results would be given by the judges.  It would have been cleaned if you´d asked.  The book can be read in one month by the students.  The routine must be practiced now by the dancers.

20. LAST JOKE FOR TODAY!  A man goes to the doctor and says, "Doctor, please help me. I hurt all over." The doctor asked the man to explain more. The man said, "When I touch my arm it hurts, when I touch my leg it hurts, when I touch my head it hurts. Everywhere I touch it hurts." The doctor examined the man and said, "Mr Smith, your finger is broken!"