1. Amateur Radio Practices 1 G4 - AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES [5 Questions - 5 groups] G4ATwo-tone Test; amplifier tuning and neutralization; DSP G4BTest and monitoring equipment G4CInterference with consumer electronics; grounding G4DSpeech processors; S meters; common connectors G4EHF mobile radio installations; emergency and battery powered operation

2. Amateur Radio Practices 2 Icom IC-756ProIII IF DSP Receiver

3. G4A Two-tone test An oscilloscope may be used to measure the output of a single-sideband transmitter when performing a two-tone test of amplitude linearity An oscilloscope may be used to measure the output of a single-sideband transmitter when performing a two-tone test of amplitude linearity Transmitter linearity performance is analyzed by a two-tone test Transmitter linearity performance is analyzed by a two-tone test Two non-harmonically related audio signals are used to conduct a two-tone test Two non-harmonically related audio signals are used to conduct a two-tone test Amateur Radio Practices 3

4. G4A Amplifier tuning and neutralization Vacuum tube RF power amplifier Vacuum tube RF power amplifier A pronounced dip on the plate current meter reading indicates correct adjustment of the plate tuning control A pronounced dip on the plate current meter reading indicates correct adjustment of the plate tuning control The correct adjustment for the “Loading” or “Coupling” control is maximum power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate current The correct adjustment for the “Loading” or “Coupling” control is maximum power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate current A technique called, Negative feedback, is used to neutralize an RF amplifier A technique called, Negative feedback, is used to neutralize an RF amplifier A neutralizing circuit cancels the effects of positive feedback in an RF amplifier A neutralizing circuit cancels the effects of positive feedback in an RF amplifier The reason for neutralizing the final stage of a transmitter is to eliminate self oscillations The reason for neutralizing the final stage of a transmitter is to eliminate self oscillations Amateur Radio Practices 4

5. G4A Digital Signal Processing (DSP) One use for a DSP in an amateur station is to remove noise from received signals One use for a DSP in an amateur station is to remove noise from received signals The following is needed for a DSP IF filter The following is needed for a DSP IF filter An Analog to Digital Converter An Analog to Digital Converter Digital to Analog Converter Digital to Analog Converter A Digital Processor Chip A Digital Processor Chip An advantage of a receiver IF filter created with a DSP as compared to an analog filter is a wide range of filter band widths and shapes can be created An advantage of a receiver IF filter created with a DSP as compared to an analog filter is a wide range of filter band widths and shapes can be created DSP filtering is accomplished by converting the signal from analog to digital and using digital processing DSP filtering is accomplished by converting the signal from analog to digital and using digital processing A DSP filter performs automatic notching of interfering carriers A DSP filter performs automatic notching of interfering carriers Amateur Radio Practices 5

6. G4B Test and monitoring equipment A Signal tracer – may normally be used to identify an inoperative stage receiver A Signal tracer – may normally be used to identify an inoperative stage receiver Dip meter – one measurement that can be made is the resonant frequency of a circuit Dip meter – one measurement that can be made is the resonant frequency of a circuit Antenna analyzer – an antenna and feedline must be connected to it when it is being used for SWR measurements Antenna analyzer – an antenna and feedline must be connected to it when it is being used for SWR measurements Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) – can be measured with a directional wattmeter Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) – can be measured with a directional wattmeter The power output of a transmitter must be raised approximately 4 times (~4x) to change the “S” meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9 The power output of a transmitter must be raised approximately 4 times (~4x) to change the “S” meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9 Amateur Radio Practices 6

7. 7 G4A01 Which of the following is one use for a DSP in an amateur station? A.To provide adequate grounding B.To remove noise from received signals C.To increase antenna gain D.To increase antenna bandwidth

8. Amateur Radio Practices 8 G4A01 Which of the following is one use for a DSP in an amateur station? A.To provide adequate grounding B.To remove noise from received signals C.To increase antenna gain D.To increase antenna bandwidth

9. Amateur Radio Practices 9Oscilloscope

10. 10 Audio Distortion

11. Amateur Radio Practices 11 G4A02 Which of the following instruments may be used to measure the output of a single-sideband transmitter when performing a two-tone test of amplitude linearity? A.An audio distortion analyzer B.An oscilloscope C.A directional wattmeter D.A high impedance audio voltmeter

12. Amateur Radio Practices 12 G4A02 Which of the following instruments may be used to measure the output of a single-sideband transmitter when performing a two-tone test of amplitude linearity? A.An audio distortion analyzer B.An oscilloscope C.A directional wattmeter D.A high impedance audio voltmeter

13. Amateur Radio Practices 13 G4A03 Which of the following is needed for a DSP IF filter? A.An Analog to Digital Converter B.Digital to Analog Converter C.A Digital Processor Chip D.All of the these answers are correct

14. Amateur Radio Practices 14 G4A03 Which of the following is needed for a DSP IF filter? A.An Analog to Digital Converter B.Digital to Analog Converter C.A Digital Processor Chip D.All of the these answers are correct

15. Amateur Radio Practices 15 G4A04 Which of the following is an advantage of a receiver IF filter created with a DSP as compared to an analog filter? A.A wide range of filter bandwidths and shapes can be created B.Fewer digital components are required C.Mixing products are greatly reduced D.The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF frequencies

16. Amateur Radio Practices 16 G4A04 Which of the following is an advantage of a receiver IF filter created with a DSP as compared to an analog filter? A.A wide range of filter bandwidths and shapes can be created B.Fewer digital components are required C.Mixing products are greatly reduced D.The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF frequencies

17. Amateur Radio Practices 17 G4A05 How is DSP filtering accomplished? A.By using direct signal phasing B.By converting the signal from analog to digital and using digital processing C.By up-converting the signal to VHF D.By converting the signal from digital to analog and taking the difference of mixing products

18. Amateur Radio Practices 18 G4A05 How is DSP filtering accomplished? A.By using direct signal phasing B.By converting the signal from analog to digital and using digital processing C.By up-converting the signal to VHF D.By converting the signal from digital to analog and taking the difference of mixing products

19. Amateur Radio Practices 19 Linear Amplifier

20. Amateur Radio Practices 20 G4A06 What reading on the plate current meter of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier indicates correct adjustment of the plate tuning control? A.A pronounced peak B.A pronounced dip C.No change will be observed D.A slow, rhythmic oscillation

21. Amateur Radio Practices 21 G4A06 What reading on the plate current meter of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier indicates correct adjustment of the plate tuning control? A.A pronounced peak B.A pronounced dip C.No change will be observed D.A slow, rhythmic oscillation

22. Amateur Radio Practices 22 G4A07 What is the correct adjustment for the "Load" or "Coupling" control of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier? A.Minimum SWR on the antenna B.Minimum plate current without exceeding maximum allowable grid current C.Highest plate voltage while minimizing grid current D.Maximum power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate current

23. Amateur Radio Practices 23 G4A07 What is the correct adjustment for the "Load" or "Coupling" control of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier? A.Minimum SWR on the antenna B.Minimum plate current without exceeding maximum allowable grid current C.Highest plate voltage while minimizing grid current D.Maximum power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate current

24. Amateur Radio Practices 24 G4A08 Which of the following techniques is used to neutralize an RF amplifier? A.Feed-forward compensation B.Feed-forward cancellation C.Negative feedback D.Positive feedback

25. Amateur Radio Practices 25 G4A08 Which of the following techniques is used to neutralize an RF amplifier? A.Feed-forward compensation B.Feed-forward cancellation C.Negative feedback D.Positive feedback

26. Amateur Radio Practices 26 G4A09 What does a neutralizing circuit do in an RF amplifier? A.It controls differential gain B.It cancels the effects of positive feedback C.It eliminates AC hum from the power supply D.It reduces incidental grid modulation

27. Amateur Radio Practices 27 G4A09 What does a neutralizing circuit do in an RF amplifier? A.It controls differential gain B.It cancels the effects of positive feedback C.It eliminates AC hum from the power supply D.It reduces incidental grid modulation

28. Amateur Radio Practices 28 G4A10 What is the reason for neutralizing the final amplifier stage of a transmitter? A.To limit the modulation index B.To eliminate self oscillations C.To cut off the final amplifier during standby periods D.To keep the carrier on frequency

29. Amateur Radio Practices 29 G4A10 What is the reason for neutralizing the final amplifier stage of a transmitter? A.To limit the modulation index B.To eliminate self oscillations C.To cut off the final amplifier during standby periods D.To keep the carrier on frequency

30. Amateur Radio Practices 30 G4A11 What type of transmitter performance does a two-tone test analyze? A.Linearity B.Carrier and undesired sideband suppression C.Percentage of frequency modulation D.Percentage of carrier phase shift

31. Amateur Radio Practices 31 G4A11 What type of transmitter performance does a two-tone test analyze? A.Linearity B.Carrier and undesired sideband suppression C.Percentage of frequency modulation D.Percentage of carrier phase shift

32. Amateur Radio Practices 32 G4A12 What type of signals are used to conduct a two-tone test? A.Two audio signals of the same frequency shifted 90- degrees B.Two non-harmonically related audio signals C.Two swept frequency tones D.Two audio frequency range square wave signals of equal amplitude

33. Amateur Radio Practices 33 G4A12 What type of signals are used to conduct a two-tone test? A.Two audio signals of the same frequency shifted 90- degrees B.Two non-harmonically related audio signals C.Two swept frequency tones D.Two audio frequency range square wave signals of equal amplitude

34. Amateur Radio Practices 34 G4A13 Which of the following performs automatic notching of interfering carriers? A.Band pass tuning B.A DSP filter C.Balanced mixing D.A noise limiter

35. Amateur Radio Practices 35 G4A13 Which of the following performs automatic notching of interfering carriers? A.Band pass tuning B.A DSP filter C.Balanced mixing D.A noise limiter

36. G4B Oscilloscope Has a horizontal and vertical channel amplifier Has a horizontal and vertical channel amplifier Monitoring oscilloscope Monitoring oscilloscope Is the best instrument to use to check the keying waveform of a CW transmitter Is the best instrument to use to check the keying waveform of a CW transmitter The signal connected to the vertical input when checking the quality of a transmitted signal is the attenuated RF output of the transmitter The signal connected to the vertical input when checking the quality of a transmitted signal is the attenuated RF output of the transmitter An advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter is that complex waveforms can be measures An advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter is that complex waveforms can be measures Amateur Radio Practices 36

37. G4B Voltmeter and Noise Bridge Voltmeter Voltmeter An advantage of a digital voltmeter as compared to an analog voltmeter is significantly better precision for most uses An advantage of a digital voltmeter as compared to an analog voltmeter is significantly better precision for most uses High input impedance is desirable to decrease the loading on circuits being measured High input impedance is desirable to decrease the loading on circuits being measured Noise Bridge Noise Bridge Normally connected between a receiver and an antenna of unknown impedance and is adjusted for minimum noise Normally connected between a receiver and an antenna of unknown impedance and is adjusted for minimum noise Can be used for pre-tuning an antenna tuner Can be used for pre-tuning an antenna tuner Amateur Radio Practices 37

38. G4B Field Strength Meter May be used to monitor relative RF output when making antenna and transmitter adjustments May be used to monitor relative RF output when making antenna and transmitter adjustments Can be used to determine the radiation pattern of an antenna Can be used to determine the radiation pattern of an antenna Can be used in close-in radio direction-finding Can be used in close-in radio direction-finding Amateur Radio Practices 38

39. Amateur Radio Practices 39 G4B01 What item of test equipment contains horizontal and vertical channel amplifiers? A.An ohmmeter B.A signal generator C.An ammeter D.An oscilloscope

40. Amateur Radio Practices 40 G4B01 What item of test equipment contains horizontal and vertical channel amplifiers? A.An ohmmeter B.A signal generator C.An ammeter D.An oscilloscope

41. Amateur Radio Practices 41 G4B02 Which of the following is an advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter? A.An oscilloscope uses less power B.Complex impedances can be easily measured C.Input impedance is much lower D.Complex waveforms can be measured

42. Amateur Radio Practices 42 G4B02 Which of the following is an advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter? A.An oscilloscope uses less power B.Complex impedances can be easily measured C.Input impedance is much lower D.Complex waveforms can be measured

43. Amateur Radio Practices 43 G4B03 How would a signal tracer normally be used? A.To identify the source of radio transmissions B.To make exact drawings of signal waveforms C.To show standing wave patterns on open-wire feed-lines D.To identify an inoperative stage in a receiver

44. Amateur Radio Practices 44 G4B03 How would a signal tracer normally be used? A.To identify the source of radio transmissions B.To make exact drawings of signal waveforms C.To show standing wave patterns on open-wire feed-lines D.To identify an inoperative stage in a receiver

45. Amateur Radio Practices 45 G4B04 How is a noise bridge normally used? A.It is connected at an antenna's feed point and reads the antenna's noise figure B.It is connected between a transmitter and an antenna and tuned for minimum SWR C.It is connected between a receiver and an antenna of unknown impedance and is adjusted for minimum noise D.It is connected between an antenna and ground and tuned for minimum SWR

46. Amateur Radio Practices 46 G4B04 How is a noise bridge normally used? A.It is connected at an antenna's feed point and reads the antenna's noise figure B.It is connected between a transmitter and an antenna and tuned for minimum SWR C.It is connected between a receiver and an antenna of unknown impedance and is adjusted for minimum noise D.It is connected between an antenna and ground and tuned for minimum SWR

47. Amateur Radio Practices 47 G4B05 Which of the following is the best instrument to use to check the keying waveform of a CW transmitter? A.A monitoring oscilloscope B.A field-strength meter C.A sidetone monitor D.A wavemeter

48. Amateur Radio Practices 48 G4B05 Which of the following is the best instrument to use to check the keying waveform of a CW transmitter? A.A monitoring oscilloscope B.A field-strength meter C.A sidetone monitor D.A wavemeter

49. Amateur Radio Practices 49 G4B06 What signal source is connected to the vertical input of a monitoring oscilloscope when checking the quality of a transmitted signal? A.The local oscillator of the transmitter B.The audio input of the transmitter C.The transmitter balanced mixer output D.The attenuated RF output of the transmitter

50. Amateur Radio Practices 50 G4B06 What signal source is connected to the vertical input of a monitoring oscilloscope when checking the quality of a transmitted signal? A.The local oscillator of the transmitter B.The audio input of the transmitter C.The transmitter balanced mixer output D.The attenuated RF output of the transmitter

51. Amateur Radio Practices 51 G4B07 What is an advantage of a digital voltmeter as compared to an analog voltmeter? A.Better for measuring computer circuits B.Better for RF measurements C.Significantly better precision for most uses D.Faster response

52. Amateur Radio Practices 52 G4B07 What is an advantage of a digital voltmeter as compared to an analog voltmeter? A.Better for measuring computer circuits B.Better for RF measurements C.Significantly better precision for most uses D.Faster response

53. Amateur Radio Practices 53 Field Strength Meter

54. Amateur Radio Practices 54 G4B08 What instrument may be used to monitor relative RF output when making antenna and transmitter adjustments? A.A field-strength meter B.An antenna noise bridge C.A multimeter D.A Q meter

55. Amateur Radio Practices 55 G4B08 What instrument may be used to monitor relative RF output when making antenna and transmitter adjustments? A.A field-strength meter B.An antenna noise bridge C.A multimeter D.A Q meter

56. Amateur Radio Practices 56 Decibel Multipliers

57. Amateur Radio Practices 57 G4B09 How much must the power output of a transmitter be raised to change the "S" meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9? A.Approximately 2 times B.Approximately 3 times C.Approximately 4 times D.Approximately 5 times

58. Amateur Radio Practices 58 G4B09 How much must the power output of a transmitter be raised to change the "S" meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9? A.Approximately 2 times B.Approximately 3 times C.Approximately 4 times D.Approximately 5 times

59. Amateur Radio Practices 59 G4B10 Which of the following can be determined with a field strength meter? A.The radiation resistance of an antenna B.The radiation pattern of an antenna C.The presence and amount of phase distortion of a transmitter D.The presence and amount of amplitude distortion of a transmitter

60. Amateur Radio Practices 60 G4B10 Which of the following can be determined with a field strength meter? A.The radiation resistance of an antenna B.The radiation pattern of an antenna C.The presence and amount of phase distortion of a transmitter D.The presence and amount of amplitude distortion of a transmitter

61. Amateur Radio Practices 61 G4B11 Which of the following might be a use for a field strength meter? A.Close-in radio direction-finding B.A modulation monitor for a frequency or phase modulation transmitter C.An overmodulation indicator for a SSB transmitter D.A keying indicator for a RTTY or packet transmitter

62. Amateur Radio Practices 62 G4B11 Which of the following might be a use for a field strength meter? A.Close-in radio direction-finding B.A modulation monitor for a frequency or phase modulation transmitter C.An overmodulation indicator for a SSB transmitter D.A keying indicator for a RTTY or packet transmitter

63. Amateur Radio Practices 63 G4B12 What is one way a noise bridge might be used? A.Determining an antenna's gain in dBi B.Pre-tuning an antenna tuner C.Pre-tuning a linear amplifier D.Determining the line loss of the antenna system

64. Amateur Radio Practices 64 G4B12 What is one way a noise bridge might be used? A.Determining an antenna's gain in dBi B.Pre-tuning an antenna tuner C.Pre-tuning a linear amplifier D.Determining the line loss of the antenna system

65. Amateur Radio Practices 65 G4B13 What is one measurement that can be made with a dip meter? A.The resonant frequency of a circuit B.The tilt of the ionosphere C.The gain of an antenna D.The notch depth of a filter

66. Amateur Radio Practices 66 G4B13 What is one measurement that can be made with a dip meter? A.The resonant frequency of a circuit B.The tilt of the ionosphere C.The gain of an antenna D.The notch depth of a filter

67. Amateur Radio Practices 67 G4B14 Which of the following must be connected to an antenna analyzer when it is being used for SWR measurements? A.Receiver B.Transmitter C.Antenna and feedline D.All of these answers are correct

68. Amateur Radio Practices 68 G4B14 Which of the following must be connected to an antenna analyzer when it is being used for SWR measurements? A.Receiver B.Transmitter C.Antenna and feedline D.All of these answers are correct

69. Amateur Radio Practices 69 G4B15 Which of the following can be measured with a directional wattmeter? A.Standing Wave Ratio B.Antenna front-to-back ratio C.RF interference D.Radio wave propagation

70. Amateur Radio Practices 70 G4B15 Which of the following can be measured with a directional wattmeter? A.Standing Wave Ratio B.Antenna front-to-back ratio C.RF interference D.Radio wave propagation

71. Amateur Radio Practices 71 G4B16 Why is high input impedance desirable for a voltmeter? A.It improves the frequency response B.It decreases battery consumption in the meter C.It improves the resolution of the readings D.It decreases the loading on circuits being measured

72. Amateur Radio Practices 72 G4B16 Why is high input impedance desirable for a voltmeter? A.It improves the frequency response B.It decreases battery consumption in the meter C.It improves the resolution of the readings D.It decreases the loading on circuits being measured

73. G4C Interference with consumer electronics Bypass capacitor – useful in reducing RF interference to audio-frequency devices Bypass capacitor – useful in reducing RF interference to audio-frequency devices RFI filter at the affected telephone – should be installed if a properly operating amateur station is interfering with a nearby telephone RFI filter at the affected telephone – should be installed if a properly operating amateur station is interfering with a nearby telephone Public address system Public address system Distorted speech is heard if there is interference from a nearby single-sideband phone transmitter Distorted speech is heard if there is interference from a nearby single-sideband phone transmitter On-and-off humming or clicking is the effect if there is interference from nearby CW transmitter On-and-off humming or clicking is the effect if there is interference from nearby CW transmitter Amateur Radio Practices 73

74. G4C Interference with consumer electronics cont’d Ferrite beads – act as a series inductor when placed around audio cables to reduce common mode RF interference Ferrite beads – act as a series inductor when placed around audio cables to reduce common mode RF interference Induced currents in conductors that are in poor electrical contact – can cause unintended rectification of RF signal energy and can result in interference to your station as well as nearby radio and TV receivers Induced currents in conductors that are in poor electrical contact – can cause unintended rectification of RF signal energy and can result in interference to your station as well as nearby radio and TV receivers Arcing at a poor electrical connection – is one cause of broadband radio frequency interference at an amateur radio station Arcing at a poor electrical connection – is one cause of broadband radio frequency interference at an amateur radio station Amateur Radio Practices 74

75. G4C Grounding The ground wire might be resonant – if you receive an RF burn when touching your equipment while transmitting on an HF band, assuming the equipment is connected to a ground rod The ground wire might be resonant – if you receive an RF burn when touching your equipment while transmitting on an HF band, assuming the equipment is connected to a ground rod Important reasons to have a good station ground: Important reasons to have a good station ground: To reduce the likelihood of RF burns To reduce the likelihood of RF burns To reduce the likelihood of electrical shock To reduce the likelihood of electrical shock To reduce interference To reduce interference Amateur Radio Practices 75

76. G4C Grounding cont’d Keep the station’s ground wire as short as possible to avoid stray RF energy in an amateur station Keep the station’s ground wire as short as possible to avoid stray RF energy in an amateur station RF hot spots can occur in a station located above the ground floor if the equipment is grounded by a long ground wire RF hot spots can occur in a station located above the ground floor if the equipment is grounded by a long ground wire Electrical safety inside the ham shack is covered in the National Electrical Code Electrical safety inside the ham shack is covered in the National Electrical Code A ground loop can be avoided by connecting all ground conductors to a single point A ground loop can be avoided by connecting all ground conductors to a single point Amateur Radio Practices 76

77. Amateur Radio Practices 77 G4C01 Which of the following might be useful in reducing RF interference to audio- frequency devices? A.Bypass inductor B.Bypass capacitor C.Forward-biased diode D.Reverse-biased diode

78. Amateur Radio Practices 78 G4C01 Which of the following might be useful in reducing RF interference to audio- frequency devices? A.Bypass inductor B.Bypass capacitor C.Forward-biased diode D.Reverse-biased diode

79. Amateur Radio Practices 79 Telephone Line Filter

80. Amateur Radio Practices 80 G4C02 Which of the following should be installed if a properly operating amateur station is interfering with a nearby telephone? A.An RFI filter on the transmitter B.An RFI filter at the affected telephone C.A high pass filter on the transmitter D.A high pass filter at the affected telephone

81. Amateur Radio Practices 81 G4C02 Which of the following should be installed if a properly operating amateur station is interfering with a nearby telephone? A.An RFI filter on the transmitter B.An RFI filter at the affected telephone C.A high pass filter on the transmitter D.A high pass filter at the affected telephone

82. Amateur Radio Practices 82 G4C03 What sound is heard from a public- address system if there is interference from a nearby single-sideband phone transmitter? A.A steady hum whenever the transmitter is on the air B.On-and-off humming or clicking C.Distorted speech D.Clearly audible speech

83. Amateur Radio Practices 83 G4C03 What sound is heard from a public- address system if there is interference from a nearby single-sideband phone transmitter? A.A steady hum whenever the transmitter is on the air B.On-and-off humming or clicking C.Distorted speech D.Clearly audible speech

84. Amateur Radio Practices 84 G4C04 What is the effect on a public-address system if there is interference from nearby CW transmitter? A.On-and-off humming or clicking B.A CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequency C.A chirpy CW signal D.Severely distorted audio

85. Amateur Radio Practices 85 G4C04 What is the effect on a public-address system if there is interference from nearby CW transmitter? A.On-and-off humming or clicking B.A CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequency C.A chirpy CW signal D.Severely distorted audio

86. Amateur Radio Practices 86 Station Grounding

87. Amateur Radio Practices 87 G4C05 What might be the problem if you receive an RF burn when touching your equipment while transmitting on a HF band, assuming the equipment is connected to a ground rod? A.Flat braid rather than round wire has been used for the ground wire B.Insulated wire has been used for the ground wire C.The ground rod is resonant D.The ground wire is resonant

88. Amateur Radio Practices 88 G4C05 What might be the problem if you receive an RF burn when touching your equipment while transmitting on a HF band, assuming the equipment is connected to a ground rod? A.Flat braid rather than round wire has been used for the ground wire B.Insulated wire has been used for the ground wire C.The ground rod is resonant D.The ground wire is resonant

89. Amateur Radio Practices 89 G4C06 Which of the following is an important reason to have a good station ground? A.To reduce the likelihood of RF burns B.To reduce the likelihood of electrical shock C.To reduce interference D.All of these answers are correct

90. Amateur Radio Practices 90 G4C06 Which of the following is an important reason to have a good station ground? A.To reduce the likelihood of RF burns B.To reduce the likelihood of electrical shock C.To reduce interference D.All of these answers are correct

91. Amateur Radio Practices 91 G4C07 What is one good way to avoid stray RF energy in an amateur station? A.Keep the station's ground wire as short as possible B.Install an RF filter in series with the ground wire C.Use a ground loop for best conductivity D.Install a few ferrite beads on the ground wire where it connects to your station

92. Amateur Radio Practices 92 G4C07 What is one good way to avoid stray RF energy in an amateur station? A.Keep the station's ground wire as short as possible B.Install an RF filter in series with the ground wire C.Use a ground loop for best conductivity D.Install a few ferrite beads on the ground wire where it connects to your station

93. Amateur Radio Practices 93 G4C08 Which of the following is a reason to place ferrite beads around audio cables to reduce common mode RF interference? A.They act as a series inductor B.They act as a shunt capacitor C.They lower the impedance of the cable D.They increase the admittance of the cable

94. Amateur Radio Practices 94 G4C08 Which of the following is a reason to place ferrite beads around audio cables to reduce common mode RF interference? A.They act as a series inductor B.They act as a shunt capacitor C.They lower the impedance of the cable D.They increase the admittance of the cable

95. Amateur Radio Practices 95 G4C09 Which of the following statements about station grounding is true? A.The chassis of each piece of station equipment should be tied together with high-impedance conductors B.If the chassis of all station equipment is connected with a good conductor, there is no need to tie them to an earth ground C.RF hot spots can occur in a station located above the ground floor if the equipment is grounded by a long ground wire D.A ground loop is an effective way to ground station equipment

96. Amateur Radio Practices 96 G4C09 Which of the following statements about station grounding is true? A.The chassis of each piece of station equipment should be tied together with high-impedance conductors B.If the chassis of all station equipment is connected with a good conductor, there is no need to tie them to an earth ground C.RF hot spots can occur in a station located above the ground floor if the equipment is grounded by a long ground wire D.A ground loop is an effective way to ground station equipment

97. Amateur Radio Practices 97 G4C10 Which of the following is covered in the National Electrical Code? A.Acceptable bandwidth limits B.Acceptable modulation limits C.Electrical safety inside the ham shack D.RF exposure limits of the human body

98. Amateur Radio Practices 98 G4C10 Which of the following is covered in the National Electrical Code? A.Acceptable bandwidth limits B.Acceptable modulation limits C.Electrical safety inside the ham shack D.RF exposure limits of the human body

99. Amateur Radio Practices 99 G4C11 Which of the following can cause unintended rectification of RF signal energy and can result in interference to your station as well as nearby radio and TV receivers? A.Induced currents in conductors that are in poor electrical contact B.Induced voltages in conductors that are in good electrical contact C.Capacitive coupling of the RF signal to ground D.Excessive standing wave ratio (SWR) of the transmission line system

100. Amateur Radio Practices 100 G4C11 Which of the following can cause unintended rectification of RF signal energy and can result in interference to your station as well as nearby radio and TV receivers? A.Induced currents in conductors that are in poor electrical contact B.Induced voltages in conductors that are in good electrical contact C.Capacitive coupling of the RF signal to ground D.Excessive standing wave ratio (SWR) of the transmission line system

101. Amateur Radio Practices 101 G4C12 What is one cause of broadband radio frequency interference at an amateur radio station? A.Not using a balun or line isolator to feed balanced antennas B.Lack of rectification of the transmitter's signal in power conductors C.Arcing at a poor electrical connection D.The use of horizontal, rather than vertical antennas

102. Amateur Radio Practices 102 G4C12 What is one cause of broadband radio frequency interference at an amateur radio station? A.Not using a balun or line isolator to feed balanced antennas B.Lack of rectification of the transmitter's signal in power conductors C.Arcing at a poor electrical connection D.The use of horizontal, rather than vertical antennas

103. Amateur Radio Practices 103 G4C13 How can a ground loop be avoided? A.Series connect all ground conductors B.Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground wire C.Avoid using lock washers and star washers in making ground connections D.Connect all ground conductors to a single point

104. Amateur Radio Practices 104 G4C13 How can a ground loop be avoided? A.Series connect all ground conductors B.Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground wire C.Avoid using lock washers and star washers in making ground connections D.Connect all ground conductors to a single point

105. G4D Speech processors A properly adjusted speech processor used with a SSB phone transmitter improves signal intelligibility at the receiver A properly adjusted speech processor used with a SSB phone transmitter improves signal intelligibility at the receiver A speech processor increases the average power of a transmitted SSB signal A speech processor increases the average power of a transmitted SSB signal An incorrectly adjusted speech processor can result in An incorrectly adjusted speech processor can result in Distorted speech Distorted speech Splatter Splatter Excessive background pickup Excessive background pickup Amateur Radio Practices 105

106. G4D S meters An S-meter measures the received signal strength An S-meter measures the received signal strength Assuming a properly calibrated S-meter, an S-meter reading of 20 db over S-9 is 100 times stronger than an S-9 signal. Assuming a properly calibrated S-meter, an S-meter reading of 20 db over S-9 is 100 times stronger than an S-9 signal. An S-meter is generally found in a receiver. An S-meter is generally found in a receiver. Amateur Radio Practices 106

107. G4D Common connectors Type-N connector- is a moisture resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHz Type-N connector- is a moisture resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHz DB-9 type connector- would be a good choice for a serial data port DB-9 type connector- would be a good choice for a serial data port UHF type connector – commonly used for RF service at frequencies up to 150 MHz UHF type connector – commonly used for RF service at frequencies up to 150 MHz RCA phono type connector – commonly used for audio signals in amateur stations RCA phono type connector – commonly used for audio signals in amateur stations Main reason to use keyed connectors over non- keyed types- is to reduce chance of damage due to incorrect mating Main reason to use keyed connectors over non- keyed types- is to reduce chance of damage due to incorrect mating Amateur Radio Practices 107

108. Amateur Radio Practices 108 G4D01 What is the reason for using a properly adjusted speech processor with a single sideband phone transmitter? A.It reduces average transmitter power requirements B.It reduces unwanted noise pickup from the microphone C.It improves voice-frequency fidelity D.It improves signal intelligibility at the receiver

109. Amateur Radio Practices 109 G4D01 What is the reason for using a properly adjusted speech processor with a single sideband phone transmitter? A.It reduces average transmitter power requirements B.It reduces unwanted noise pickup from the microphone C.It improves voice-frequency fidelity D.It improves signal intelligibility at the receiver

110. Amateur Radio Practices 110 G4D02 Which of the following describes how a speech processor affects a transmitted single sideband signal? A.It increases the peak power B.It increases the average power C.It reduces harmonic distortion D.It reduces intermodulation distortion

111. Amateur Radio Practices 111 G4D02 Which of the following describes how a speech processor affects a transmitted single sideband signal? A.It increases the peak power B.It increases the average power C.It reduces harmonic distortion D.It reduces intermodulation distortion

112. Amateur Radio Practices 112 G4D03 Which of the following can be the result of an incorrectly adjusted speech processor? A.Distorted speech B.Splatter C.Excessive background pickup D.All of these answers are correct

113. Amateur Radio Practices 113 G4D03 Which of the following can be the result of an incorrectly adjusted speech processor? A.Distorted speech B.Splatter C.Excessive background pickup D.All of these answers are correct

114. Amateur Radio Practices 114 G4D04 What does an S-meter measure? A.Conductance B.Impedance C.Received signal strength D.Transmitter power output

115. Amateur Radio Practices 115 G4D04 What does an S-meter measure? A.Conductance B.Impedance C.Received signal strength D.Transmitter power output

116. Amateur Radio Practices 116 G4D05 How does an S-meter reading of 20 db over S-9 compare to an S-9 signal, assuming a properly calibrated S meter? A.It is 10 times weaker B.It is 20 times weaker C.It is 20 times stronger D.It is 100 times stronger

117. Amateur Radio Practices 117 G4D05 How does an S-meter reading of 20 db over S-9 compare to an S-9 signal, assuming a properly calibrated S meter? A.It is 10 times weaker B.It is 20 times weaker C.It is 20 times stronger D.It is 100 times stronger

118. Amateur Radio Practices 118 G4D06 Where is an S-meter generally found? A.In a receiver B.In a SWR bridge C.In a transmitter D.In a conductance bridge

119. Amateur Radio Practices 119 G4D06 Where is an S-meter generally found? A.In a receiver B.In a SWR bridge C.In a transmitter D.In a conductance bridge

120. Amateur Radio Practices 120 Typical Ham RF Connectors From Left to Right: N male, N female, PL-259, BNC male, SMA male, SMA female (on HT), BNC female (on lower radio), SO-238 (on upper radio)

121. Amateur Radio Practices 121 G4D07 Which of the following describes a Type-N connector? A.A moisture resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHz B.A small bayonet connector used for data circuits C.A threaded connector used for hydraulic systems D.An audio connector used in surround sound installations

122. Amateur Radio Practices 122 G4D07 Which of the following describes a Type-N connector? A.A moisture resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHz B.A small bayonet connector used for data circuits C.A threaded connector used for hydraulic systems D.An audio connector used in surround sound installations

123. Amateur Radio Practices 123 G4D08 Which of the following connectors would be a good choice for a serial data port? A.PL-259 B.Type N C.Type SMA D.DB-9

124. Amateur Radio Practices 124 G4D08 Which of the following connectors would be a good choice for a serial data port? A.PL-259 B.Type N C.Type SMA D.DB-9

125. Amateur Radio Practices 125 G4D09 Which of these connector types is commonly used for RF service at frequencies up to 150 MHz? A.Octal B.RJ-11 C.UHF D.DB-25

126. Amateur Radio Practices 126 G4D09 Which of these connector types is commonly used for RF service at frequencies up to 150 MHz? A.Octal B.RJ-11 C.UHF D.DB-25

127. Amateur Radio Practices 127 G4D10 Which of these connector types is commonly used for audio signals in amateur radio stations? A.PL-259 B.BNC C.RCA Phono D.Type N

128. Amateur Radio Practices 128 G4D10 Which of these connector types is commonly used for audio signals in amateur radio stations? A.PL-259 B.BNC C.RCA Phono D.Type N

129. Amateur Radio Practices 129 G4D11 What is the main reason to use keyed connectors over non-keyed types? A.Prevention of use by unauthorized persons B.Reduced chance of damage due to incorrect mating C.Higher current carrying capacity D.All of these choices are correct

130. Amateur Radio Practices 130 G4D11 What is the main reason to use keyed connectors over non-keyed types? A.Prevention of use by unauthorized persons B.Reduced chance of damage due to incorrect mating C.Higher current carrying capacity D.All of these choices are correct

131. G4E HF mobile radio installations All of these emission types are permissible while operating HF mobile: CW, SSB, & FM All of these emission types are permissible while operating HF mobile: CW, SSB, & FM Alternator whine – a tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that varies with engine speed Alternator whine – a tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that varies with engine speed A direct, fused connection to the battery using heavy gauge wire, would be the best connection for a 100-watt HF mobile installation A direct, fused connection to the battery using heavy gauge wire, would be the best connection for a 100-watt HF mobile installation It is not best to draw DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver from an auto’s cigarette lighter socket because the socket’s wiring may inadequate for the current being drawn by the transceiver It is not best to draw DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver from an auto’s cigarette lighter socket because the socket’s wiring may inadequate for the current being drawn by the transceiver The HF mobile antenna system most limits the effectiveness of an HF mobile transceiver operating in the 75-meter band The HF mobile antenna system most limits the effectiveness of an HF mobile transceiver operating in the 75-meter band Amateur Radio Practices 131

132. G4E Emergency and battery powered operation For an emergency generator installation – the generator should be located in a well ventilated area For an emergency generator installation – the generator should be located in a well ventilated area Lead-acid storage battery – might give off explosive hydrogen gas when being charged Lead-acid storage battery – might give off explosive hydrogen gas when being charged Photovoltaic conversion – is the process by which sunlight is changed directly into electricity Photovoltaic conversion – is the process by which sunlight is changed directly into electricity The approximate open-circuit voltage from a modern, well illuminated photovoltaic cell - is 0.5 VDC The approximate open-circuit voltage from a modern, well illuminated photovoltaic cell - is 0.5 VDC Doped Silicon material is used as the active element of a solar cell Doped Silicon material is used as the active element of a solar cell Amateur Radio Practices 132

133. G4E Emergency and battery powered operation cont’d A disadvantage to using wind power as the primary source of power for an emergency station is a large storage system is needed to supply power when the wind is not blowing A disadvantage to using wind power as the primary source of power for an emergency station is a large storage system is needed to supply power when the wind is not blowing A primary reason for not placing a gasoline-fueled generator inside an occupied area is the danger of carbon monoxide poisoning A primary reason for not placing a gasoline-fueled generator inside an occupied area is the danger of carbon monoxide poisoning Back feeding the output of a gasoline generator into your house wiring by connecting the generator through an AC wall outlet might present a hazard for electric company workers Back feeding the output of a gasoline generator into your house wiring by connecting the generator through an AC wall outlet might present a hazard for electric company workers Amateur Radio Practices 133

134. Amateur Radio Practices 134 G4E01 Which of the following emission types are permissible while operating HF mobile? A.CW B.SSB C.FM D.All of these choices are correct

135. Amateur Radio Practices 135 G4E01 Which of the following emission types are permissible while operating HF mobile? A.CW B.SSB C.FM D.All of these choices are correct

136. Amateur Radio Practices 136 Mobile Radio Installation

137. Amateur Radio Practices 137 G4E02 What is alternator whine? A.A DC emission from the alternator B.A constant pitched tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that occurs whenever the ignition key is in the on position C.A tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that varies with engine speed D.A mechanical sound from the alternator indicating current overload

138. Amateur Radio Practices 138 G4E02 What is alternator whine? A.A DC emission from the alternator B.A constant pitched tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that occurs whenever the ignition key is in the on position C.A tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that varies with engine speed D.A mechanical sound from the alternator indicating current overload

139. Amateur Radio Practices 139 G4E03 Which of the following power connections would be the best for a 100- watt HF mobile installation? A.A direct, fused connection to the battery using heavy gauge wire B.A direct, fused connection to the alternator or generator using heavy gauge wire C.A direct, fused connection to the battery using resistor wire D.A direct, fused connection to the alternator or generator using resistor wire

140. Amateur Radio Practices 140 G4E03 Which of the following power connections would be the best for a 100- watt HF mobile installation? A.A direct, fused connection to the battery using heavy gauge wire B.A direct, fused connection to the alternator or generator using heavy gauge wire C.A direct, fused connection to the battery using resistor wire D.A direct, fused connection to the alternator or generator using resistor wire

141. Amateur Radio Practices 141 G4E04 Why is it best NOT to draw the DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver from an automobile's cigarette lighter socket? A.The socket is not wired with an RF-shielded power cable B.The socket's wiring may be inadequate for the current being drawn by the transceiver C.The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the polarity of modern HF transceivers D.The power from the socket is never adequately filtered for HF transceiver operation

142. Amateur Radio Practices 142 G4E04 Why is it best NOT to draw the DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver from an automobile's cigarette lighter socket? A.The socket is not wired with an RF-shielded power cable B.The socket's wiring may be inadequate for the current being drawn by the transceiver C.The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the polarity of modern HF transceivers D.The power from the socket is never adequately filtered for HF transceiver operation

143. Amateur Radio Practices 143 G4E05 Which of the following most limits the effectiveness of an HF mobile transceiver operating in the 75 meter band? A."Picket Fencing" signal variation B.The wire gauge of the DC power line to the transceiver C.The HF mobile antenna system D.FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75 meter band

144. Amateur Radio Practices 144 G4E05 Which of the following most limits the effectiveness of an HF mobile transceiver operating in the 75 meter band? A."Picket Fencing" signal variation B.The wire gauge of the DC power line to the transceiver C.The HF mobile antenna system D.FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75 meter band

145. Amateur Radio Practices 145 G4E06 Which of the following is true of an emergency generator installation? A.The generator should be located in a well ventilated area B.The generator should be insulated from ground C.Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid refueling in case of an emergency D.All of these choices are correct

146. Amateur Radio Practices 146 G4E06 Which of the following is true of an emergency generator installation? A.The generator should be located in a well ventilated area B.The generator should be insulated from ground C.Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid refueling in case of an emergency D.All of these choices are correct

147. Amateur Radio Practices 147 G4E07 When might a lead-acid storage battery give off explosive hydrogen gas? A.When stored for long periods of time B.When being discharged C.When being charged D.When not placed on a level surface

148. Amateur Radio Practices 148 Battery Explosion

149. Amateur Radio Practices 149 G4E07 When might a lead-acid storage battery give off explosive hydrogen gas? A.When stored for long periods of time B.When being discharged C.When being charged D.When not placed on a level surface

150. Amateur Radio Practices 150 Solar Panel or Photovoltaic Module

151. Amateur Radio Practices 151 G4E08 What is the name of the process by which sunlight is changed directly into electricity? A.Photovoltaic conversion B.Photon emission C.Photosynthesis D.Photon decomposition

152. Amateur Radio Practices 152 G4E08 What is the name of the process by which sunlight is changed directly into electricity? A.Photovoltaic conversion B.Photon emission C.Photosynthesis D.Photon decomposition

153. Amateur Radio Practices 153 G4E09 What is the approximate open-circuit voltage from a modern, well illuminated photovoltaic cell? A.0.02 VDC B.0.5 VDC C.0.2 VDC D.1.38 VDC

154. Amateur Radio Practices 154 G4E09 What is the approximate open-circuit voltage from a modern, well illuminated photovoltaic cell? A.0.02 VDC B.0.5 VDC C.0.2 VDC D.1.38 VDC

155. Amateur Radio Practices 155 G4E10 Which of these materials is used as the active element of a solar cell? A.Doped Silicon B.Nickel Hydride C.Doped Platinum D.Aluminum nitride

156. Amateur Radio Practices 156 G4E10 Which of these materials is used as the active element of a solar cell? A.Doped Silicon B.Nickel Hydride C.Doped Platinum D.Aluminum nitride

157. Amateur Radio Practices 157 G4E11 Which of the following is a disadvantage to using wind power as the primary source of power for an emergency station? A.The conversion efficiency from mechanical energy to electrical energy is less that 2 percent B.The voltage and current ratings of such systems are not compatible with amateur equipment C.A large energy storage system is needed to supply power when the wind is not blowing D.All of these choices are correct

158. Amateur Radio Practices 158 G4E11 Which of the following is a disadvantage to using wind power as the primary source of power for an emergency station? A.The conversion efficiency from mechanical energy to electrical energy is less that 2 percent B.The voltage and current ratings of such systems are not compatible with amateur equipment C.A large energy storage system is needed to supply power when the wind is not blowing D.All of these choices are correct

159. Amateur Radio Practices 159 G4E12 Which of the following is a primary reason for not placing a gasoline-fueled generator inside an occupied area? A.Danger of carbon monoxide poisoning B.Danger of engine over torque C.Lack of oxygen for adequate combustion D.Lack of nitrogen for adequate combustion

160. Amateur Radio Practices 160 G4E12 Which of the following is a primary reason for not placing a gasoline-fueled generator inside an occupied area? A.Danger of carbon monoxide poisoning B.Danger of engine over torque C.Lack of oxygen for adequate combustion D.Lack of nitrogen for adequate combustion

161. Amateur Radio Practices 161 G4E13 Why would it be unwise to power your station by back feeding the output of a gasoline generator into your house wiring by connecting the generator through an AC wall outlet? A.It might present a hazard for electric company workers B.It is prone to RF interference C.It may disconnect your RF ground D.None of the above; this is an excellent expedient

162. Amateur Radio Practices 162 G4E13 Why would it be unwise to power your station by back feeding the output of a gasoline generator into your house wiring by connecting the generator through an AC wall outlet? A.It might present a hazard for electric company workers B.It is prone to RF interference C.It may disconnect your RF ground D.None of the above; this is an excellent expedient

163. Amateur Radio Practices 163 G4 - AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES [5 Questions - 5 groups]