1. M4.A.3 Compute accurately and fluently and make reasonable estimates. M4.A.3.1 Apply rounding and/or estimation strategies to solve problems.

2. M4.A.3.1 Eligible Content M4.A.3.1.1 Round whole numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, ten-thousand or hundred-thousand M4.A.3.1.2 Round amounts of money to the nearest dollar. M4.A.3.1.3 Estimate the answer to addition, subtraction and multiplication problems using whole numbers through 6 digits (for multiplication, no more than 2 digits X 1 digit, excluding powers of 10).

3. M4.A.3.1.1 Round whole numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, ten-thousand or hundred-thousand M4.A.3.1.2 Round amounts of money to the nearest dollar.

4. PSSA Sample Items

7. Rounding

8. Use rounding When the question asks you to estimate. When the question asks “about how many”…? When an exact answer isn’t possible. When an answer is difficult to obtain.

9. Memorize this Poem Find your number. Look right next door. 4 or less just ignore. 5 or more, add 1 more.

10. Round this number to the nearest ten thousand. Find your number. 3 6 8,9 7 1 Circle the number in the ten thousands place.

11. Round this number to the nearest ten thousand. Look right next door. 3 6 8,9 7 1 Draw an arrow to the right of the number.

12. Round this number to the nearest ten thousand. 4 or less, just ignore. 3 6 8,9 7 1 8 is larger than 4 so go to the next line of the poem.

13. Round this number to the nearest ten thousand. 5 or more, add 1 more. 3 6 8,9 7 1 Add 1 to the 6. +1

14. Round this number to the nearest ten thousand. 5 or more, add 1 more. 3 7 0,0 0 0 Add 1 to the 6 and all the numbers to the right of the 7 become 0’s.

15. The Answer 368,971 rounded to the nearest ten thousand is 3 7 0,0 0 0

16. Round this number to the nearest thousand. Find your number. 3 5, 3 2 7 Circle the number in the thousands place.

17. Round this number to the nearest thousand. Look right next door. 3 5, 3 2 7 Draw an arrow to the right of the number.

18. Round this number to the nearest thousand. 4 or less, just ignore. 3 5, 3 2 7 Since 3 is less than 4 we do not change the 5.

19. Round this number to the nearest thousand. 4 or less, just ignore. 3 5, 0 0 0 Change the numbers to left of 5 to 0’s.

20. The Answer 35,327 rounded to the nearest thousand is 3 5, 0 0 0

21. Round this number to the nearest dollar. Find your number. $ 5. 8 7 Circle the number where the dollars are.

22. Round this number to the nearest dollar. Look right next door. $ 5. 8 7 Draw an arrow to the right of the circled number.

23. Round this number to the nearest dollar. 4 or less, just ignore. $ 5. 8 7 8 is greater than 4 so go to the next line of the poem.

24. Round this number to the nearest dollar. 5 or more, add 1 more. $ 5. 8 7 Since 8 is greater than 5 add 1 to the 5. +1

25. Round this number to the nearest dollar. 5 or more, add 1 more. $ 6. 0 0 Change the 5 to a 6 and change all the numbers to the right to 0’s.

26. The Answer $5.87 rounded to the nearest dollar is $ 6. 0 0

27. Practice Rounding

28. Round to the Nearest Hundred a.478 b.696 c.233 d.713 e.485 f.778 g.452 h.305 i.841 a.500 b.700 c.200 d.700 e.500 f.800 g.500 h.300 i.800

29. Round to the Nearest Thousand a.1,715 b.5,475 c.6,562 d.3,470 e.9,025 f.5,789 g.8,543 h.4,007 i.2,800 a.2,000 b.5,000 c.7,000 d.3,000 e.9,000 f.6,000 g.9,000 h.4,000 i.3,000

30. Round to the Nearest Ten Thousand a.48,253 b.61,744 c.54,769 d.35,535 e.48,600 f.70,209 g.15,437 h.49,036 i.68,703 a.50,000 b.60,000 c.50,000 d.40,000 e.50,000 f.70,000 g.20,000 h.50,000 i.70,000

31. Round to the Nearest Hundred Thousand a.516,573 b.430,001 c.112,786 d.807,921 e.576,439 f.156,748 g.856,125 h.239,875 i.186,093 a.500,000 b.400,000 c.100,000 d.800,000 e.600,000 f.200,000 g.900,000 h.200,000 i.200,000

32. Rounding Money Word Problems

33. Mary bought two boxes of crackers for $0.99 each and a pound of grapes for $1.29. About how much did she spend? About $3.00

34. Martin has 4 quarters and 2 dimes. About how much money does he have? $1.00

35. At the taco stand, Jaleel bought a taco for $2.75 and a drink for $0.95. About how much did he spend? $3.00

36. M4.A.3.1.3 Estimate the answer to addition, subtraction and multiplication problems using whole numbers through 6 digits (for multiplication, no more than 2 digits X 1 digit, excluding powers of 10).

37. PSSA Sample Item

41. Estimating the Answer Estimates are not exact numbers. To identify estimates, look for numbers that have been rounded, or look for clues such as almost, over, or about.

42. Exact Numbers or Estimates? Example Mount Rushmore National Memorial, the famous sculpture of 4 American presidents, was started in 1927. It was finished 14 years later and cost almost $1,000,000.00 to make! Mount Rushmore is over 5,500 ft. high. Each head is about 60 ft. tall. 1.In what year was the sculpture started? 2.How tall is each president’s head? 3.How many presidents are on Mount Rushmore?

43. Refer to the paragraph about Mount Rushmore 4. Is the year 1927 an exact number or an estimate? How do you know? 5. Is it correct to say that the sculpture cost exactly $1,000,000.00 to make? Why or why not? 6. In what year was the sculpture completed? Is your answer an exact answer or an estimate? 7. Why is it important to know if numbers are exact or if they are estimates?

44. Answer each question. Give a reason for your choice. Mount Rushmore National Memorial is off Highway 244 and is about 25 miles from Rapid City, South Dakota. The memorial is open 24 hours a day. Each year, more than 2,500,000 people come to view the sculpture. 1.Which number below is used as an estimate? a.2,500,000 visitors b.Highway 244 c.24 hours a day

45. 2. Which number below is used as an exact number? a. 2,500,000 visitors b. 25 miles c. 24 hours a day 3. How many miles is Mount Rushmore from Rapid City? a. exactly 25 miles b. about 25 miles c. 244 miles

46. Estimate by rounding to the greatest place value a.32 + 27 = b.52 – 37 = c.86 – 43 = d.763 – 214 = e.3,564 + 758 = f.7,638 + 3,879 = g.2,375 + 4,680 = h.24,316 + 13,452 = i.47,865 + 26, 527 = a.60 b.10 c.50 d.600 e.3,000 f.10,000 g.7,000 h.30,000 i.80,000