1. Galileo’s Telescope

2. Aristotle’s Cosmology Cosmology= study of the cosmos (universe) The earth is the center of the universe Planets, sun and moon revolve around the earth. Stars are fixed to a “crystal sphere” which rotates around the earth. Celestial objects (sun, moon, planets, stars) are perfect and immutable (no change)

7. 1 st quarter 3 rd quarter

8. Lunar Landscape Mountains and valleys just like on earth. Earth might not be unique Moon was not perfect like a celestial object should be

10. Medicean Stars

13. Moons of Jupiter “Stars” revolving around Jupiter Other objects could have “moons” Moons were not left behind Here was something that did not revolve around the earth!

14. Phases of Venus

16. Predicted by Copernican system Impossible in Ptolemy system

19. “Ears” of Saturn Now we know he saw the rings of Saturn

21. Sun spots Sun is not “perfect” Sun rotates Why can’t earth also rotate.

22. Milky Way- full of stars