2. Forests Resource we all need for living

3. Forestry Forest ecosystems have come to be seen as one of the most important components of the biosphere. Forestry has emerged as a vital field of science and technology. Forestry is the practice of studying and managing forest and plantations, and related natural resources. Modern forestry generally concerns itself with: assisting forests to provide timber as raw material for wood products; wildlife habitat; natural water quality regulation; recreation; landscape and community protection; employment; aesthetically appealing landscapes; and a 'sink' for atmospheric carbon dioxide.

4. World’s forest area Forests cover 30% of the total land area! 14% 27% 5% 17% 23% 14%

5. Facts Trees are a renewable resource. We can plant more trees, and we do! ¾ of the world's people rely on wood as their main source of energy. 40 million km² of forest in the world. An average of 0.62 ha per capita. In Ethiopia, between 100,000 and 200,000 hectares of forest are cut down every year. Still, at least 200 million people lack enough wood to cook their food properly. Destruction of forests creates numerous environmental catastrophes, including altering local rainfall patterns, accelerating soil erosion, causing the flooding of rivers, and threatening millions of species of plants, animals and insects with extinction. One mature tree absorbs approximately 6 kilograms of carbon dioxide a year.

6. Ten countries with the largest forest area, 2005

7. Facts 0.004km 2 of forest absorbs six tons of carbon dioxide and produces four tons of oxygen. This is enough to meet the annual needs of eighteen people. For every 10,000 miles (16,000km) driven in a vehicle plant 15 trees to offset the CO2 production. Each year about 1.4 billion tree seedlings are planted - roughly four million a day - more than making up for those that are harvested. If you include naturally regenerated trees the net growth exceeds the harvesting by 33% due to good forest management. Tropical forests cover 23 per cent of the Earth's land surface, but they are disappearing at a rate of 4.6 million hectares a year. Asia leads losses with 2.2 million hectares a year, Latin America and the Caribbean together lose 1.9 million and Africa loses 470,000 hectares of rain forest every year.

8. Wide variation in number of native tree species: from 3 in Iceland to 7780 in Brazil <50 50–200 200–1000 >1000 No data

9. Classification Tropical, Subtropical, Temperate, Boreal Rainforest : Amazon, Central Africa, South East Asia and Australia Coniferous forest : North Canada, Eurasia Temperate forest : USA, Europe

10. RainforestConiferous forest Temperate forest

11. Conditions

12. Production and Consumption

13. Production of different products

14. One-third of the world’s forests are primarily used for production of wood and non-wood products

15. Coniferous V s non-coniferous development has encouraged the establishment of fast-growing plantations of hardwood species across the world.

16. Lumbering and Transportation

17. Production

18. Timber

19. Paper Production of rubber by major rubber producers

20. Rubber

21. Wood consumption

22. Waste Paper

23. Change in consumption over time

24. Deforestation and plantation

26. Total forest area continues to decrease but the rate of net loss is slowing

27. Facts Between May 2000 and August 2006, Brazil lost nearly 150,000 square kilometres of forest—an area larger than Greece—and since 1970, over 600,000 square kilometres of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed. An area of forest equal to 20 football or rugby fields is lost every minute. Currently, 12 million hectares of forests are cleared annually

28. Causes Deforestation is brought about by the following: conversion of forests and woodlands to agricultural land to feed growing numbers of people; development of cash crops and cattle ranching, both of which earn money for tropical countries; commercial logging (which supplies the world market with woods such as meranti, teak, mahogany and ebony) destroys trees as well as opening up forests for agriculture; felling of trees for firewood and building material; the heavy lopping of foliage for fodder; and heavy browsing of saplings by domestic animals like goats. To compound the problem, the poor soils of the humid tropics do not support agriculture for long. Thus people are often forced to move on and clear more forests in order to maintain production.

29. Consequences – The carbon cycle – The water cycle – Soil erosion – Silting of water courses, lakes and dams – Extinction of species – Desertification – Aboriginal rights – Drineage basin

30. Top 10 Deforesting Countries CountryRanking Annual loss.CountryRanking Annual loss Brazil1- 2,550,000.Venezuela6-500,000 Indonesia2-1,080,000.Malaysia7-400,000 P.R. Congo 3-740,000.Myanmar8-390,000 Bolivia4-580,000.Sudan9-350,000 Mexico5-510,000.Thailand10-330,000

31. Countries with high net change in forest area, 2000–2005 >0.5% decrease per year >0.5% increase per year Change rate below 0.5% per year

32. Plantation forests are increasing but still account for less than 5% of total forest area

33. Forest disturbances can be devastating – but they were severely underreported Portugal in 2003 : 4,249 km² United States in 2006: 17,400 km²

34. Forests – a vital carbon sink

35. Sustainable development

36. Around 10 million people are employed in forest management and conservation

37. 11% of the world’s forests are designated for the conservation of biological diversity

38. 84% of the world’s forests are publicly owned, but private ownership is on the rise

39. Special Interest Groups Special interest group Forestry perspective Environmentalists Concerned about preservation of forests, conservation of biodiversity, and possible negative impacts of development (e.g. flooding, climate change) Small farmers Interested in clearing the forests provides land to grow crops and provides family with economic security Ranchers Interested in clearing the forests to sow pasture for cattle Foresters Interested in managing forests for the sustainable flow of their goods and services and the maintenance of the biological functioning of their ecosystems Loggers Interested in cutting commercial timbers to produce wood products Communities & indigenous peoples Want more economic benefits from forests, guaranteed access for hunting and harvesting forest products, continued water supply Politicians Developing the forests for agriculture or logging creates immediate jobs, prosperity and tax revenues for government; also temporarily relieves the pressures of need for farm land, jobs, and poverty alleviation International community Concerned about sustainable economic growth, the future of a world heritage, preservation of forests and their biodiversity

40. Conclusion

41. Resources Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 seven thematic studies providing additional information on planted forests, mangroves, bamboo, forest fires, forest insect pests, ownership of forests and trees, and forests and water (available later in 2006). A set of 20 global tables and individual reports from each of the 229 countries and territories included in FRA 2005 are available online at www.fao.org/forestry/fra2005.

42. Presentation by: Aurimas Liutikas Yilikal Ayino Fateh Warraich