1. UK perspective of Drop out
Bill Jerman
Executive Head at Carlisle and Hampton Hill Federation -

2. School refusal Exclusions
What does drop out include? What does the data show? What are the key issues? What has and is being done about it?
School refusal
Exclusions -

3. Drop out is used in the UK to refer to a range of positions on a dimension of disengagement: from the detachment of pupils in full time education from the education offered to them, to pupils` exclusion from school on a fixed term basis and pupils` permanent exclusion from school. Disengagement from full time education depending on how it is defined and measured can account for between one fifth and one third of the total population of 14 to 16 year olds. -

4. Disengaged from school but not education
Disengaged from school but not education. Pupils have a negative attitude towards school, face challenges with school discipline, likely to play truant yet have aspirations for continuing with education. Main risk factor is ethnicity with Black Caribbean students at highest risk.
Disengaged
Pupils who have no interest in school and education generally. Most would find themselves in year 12 being NEET(not in education, employment or training) or having a job with no training. Main risk factors are ethnicity and socio-economic background with white working class young people at greatest risk -

5. Pupils views of factors contributing to disengagement
The structure of lessons in school
Low level of activity in lessons
Relations with teachers and other staff
Own difficulties with behaviour and anger management
Other relevant factors
Home issues - aspirations, expectations, behaviour
Peer pressure
Parental experience of education
Communications between schools -

6. School refusal School phobia-School refusal.
Anxiety disorder usually following illness, holiday, new school or stressful family event.
Studies suggest that family functioning will impact eg separation from mother in early childhood, being a young carer.
Fear of failure, violence, bullying.
Same rates for boys and girls-highest rates between 5-7 years and years.
Could be between 1%-5% of pupils at some point.
Symptoms
Treatments -

7. Exclusions
In 2012/13 there were 5170 permanent exclusions and fixed term exclusions.
Illegal exclusions.
Persisting patterns of inequality
Risk factors-
SEN pupils six times more likely to be excluded compared with non SEN PUPILS
Boys three times more likely to be excluded than girls
Black Caribbean, Gypsy, Roma and Irish travellers four times more likely to be excluded than non ethnic minorities -

8. National responses The pupil premium Independent Review Panels
Exclusion responsibilities
Conversion of Pupil Referral Units
Raising Participation Age
Special educational needs policy
Mental health –Place2Be
Teacher training. -

9. A school led system National teaching schools
National leaders of education
Local leaders of education
National leaders of governance
School Direct alliances -

10. National Teaching School Alliances
As well as offering training and support for their alliance themselves, Teaching Schools will identify and co-ordinate expertise from their alliance, using the best leaders and teachers to:
1.lead the development of a school-led ITT system, either through School Direct or by securing accreditation as an ITT provider.
2.lead peer-to-peer professional development
3.identify and develop leadership potential
4.provide support for other schools
5.designate and broker Specialist Leaders of Education (SLEs)
6.engage in research and development -

11. Thank you
I am really happy to pass on further details of the school led system and it`s impact on schools, staff and young people. -