1. GMPLS: IP-Centric Control Protocols for Optical Networks
Yaohui Jin
State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Comm. System & Network
Network & Information Center

2. Outline Part 1: Introduction Part 2: ITU-T ASON framework
Network trends
Distributed control plane components
Standardization
Part 2: ITU-T ASON framework
Part 3: IETF GMPLS architecture
Evolution of standard
GMPLS mechanisms
Part 4: ASON/GMPLS is coming to us!
IETF GMPLS implementation survey
OIF Interoperability demonstration
ASON/GMPLS in China
Part 5: Conclusion

3. Part 1: Introduction

4. Network Trends Current world IP ATM SDH SNMP Service Layer
Management
Plane
Centralized
Data/Transport Plane
CORBA/
TMN
SNMP
ATM IP
Service Layer
Give me more bandwidth!
Traffic interfaces
SDH
Optical
Transport Layer
Give me more flexibility!

5. Network Trends Why we need ASON? IP ATM SDH Service Layer
Management
Plane IP
Service Layer
ATM
Control Plane
Discovery
Routing
Signaling …
Distributed
Data/Transport Plane
Provide automatically switching
for optical/transport networks by reusing ubiquitous IP protocols with extensions.
Traffic interfaces
SDH
Transport Layer
Optical

6. Benefits of ASON Save on OPEX Provide differential service levels
In many of today's networks, highly specialized technicians often have to spend days calculating and implementing connectivity changes. ASON performs capacity assessment, path computation and provisioning rapidly.
Provide differential service levels
Based on data and optical protection levels that range from best effort to fully protected with high availability.
Create new services
Set up and tear down connections in minutes for concert webcasts, high speed data backup, employee training sessions and so on, generating new service revenues by as much as 10 percent.
Postpone CAPEX investment
Cross-layer traffic engineering, dynamic routing and meshed restoration in the optical network improves network throughput by as much as 30 percent, allowing you to put off investments in additional capacity.

7. Distributed Control Plane Components
1. Discovery
Protocol running between the adjacent nodes.
Am I connected to right neighbor?
Who is my neighbor?
What’s the type of service between neighbor and me?

8. Distributed Control Plane Components
1. Discovery
2. Routing
Link state information flooding
Identical topology database in every node

9. Distributed Control Plane Components
1. Discovery
2. Routing
3. Path Calculation
At source node
Constraint based routing algorithm
Output: an explicit route from A to Z A Z

10. Distributed Control Plane Components
1. Discovery
2. Routing
3. Path Calculation
4. Signaling
Hop by hop
Along the expected route A Z

11. Distributed Control Plane Components
1. Discovery
2. Routing
3. Path Calculation
4. Signaling A Z
Except step 3, the others are protocol
procedures. To internetwork equipments
from different vendors, the protocols
have to be standardized

12. Standardization Management Plane TMN SNMP ASON/ASTN GMPLS Requirement
Architecture
Interfaces …
Architecture,
Protocols (IP-based)
SONET/SDH Ext.
G.709 Ext.
Recovery …
UNI 1.0
ENNI 1.0 …
Control Plane
Transport Plane
SDH
OTN
SDH
OTN …
ATM
Ethernet …

13. Part 2: ITU-T ASON framework

14. ITU-T Status High Level Requirements Architecture Detailed
G.807 ASTN
G.8080 ASON
Detailed
Requirements
G.7713 DCM
G.7712 DCN
G.7714 Disc.
G.7715 Routing
G.7716 Ctrl. Pl.
G.7717 CAC
Protocols
G O-PNNI G
RSVP-TE
G CR-LDP
G Disc.
G Routing

15. ASON Architecture NE: Network Element PI: Physical Interface
NMI-A
NMS
ASON control plane CC CC CC CC
User
signaling
I-NNI
E-NNI
UNIcontrol
NMI-T
CCI NE NE NE
Clients
e.g. IP, ATM, TDM
IrDI PI
UNIData
Transport Plane
NE: Network Element
PI: Physical Interface
IrDI: Intra Domain Interface
CC: Connection Controller
CCI: Connection Controller Interface
UNI: User Network Interface
I-NNI: Internal Network-Network Interface
E-NNI: External Network-Network Interface
NMS: Network Management System
NMI: Network Management Interface

16. 3 Types of Connections
NMI-A
NMS
ASON control plane CC CC CC CC
User
signaling
I-NNI
E-NNI
UNIcontrol
NMI-T
CCI NE NE NE
Clients
e.g. IP, ATM, TDM
IrDI PI
UNIData
Transport Plane
Permanent: set up from the management system with network management protocols
Soft Permanent: set up from the management system which uses network generated signaling and routing protocols to establish connections
Switched: set up by the customer on demand by means of signaling and routing protocols

17. Part 3: IETF GMPLS architecture

18. IETF: Evolution of Standard
(1999)
Step 1. MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching
Step 2. MPLS-TE: Traffic Engineering
Step 3. MPlS: Multi-Protocol Lambda Switching
MPLS control applied on optical channels (wavelengths /lambda’s) and first “optical” IGP TE extensions
New Protocol introduction for Link Management (LMP)
Step 4. GMPLS: Generalized MPLS
MPLS control applied on layer2 (ATM/FR/Ethernet), TDM circuits (SDH/Sonet) and Optical channel (wave/fibre)
IGP TE extensions including OSPF & IS-IS
Step 5. GMPLS: More Extensions
LMP extended to “passive devices” via LMP-WDM
GMPLS covers G.707 SDH, G.709 OTN…
Graceful/hitless restart mechanisms (signalling & routing)
GMPLS-based Recovery
IETF 48-49
(2000)
IETF 50-51
(2001)
IETF
(2002-)

19. What is MPLS? Turns an ATM switch into a router
Turns an IP router into an ATM switch
Put IP routing protocols on devices that are not IP routers
Different way to forward packets through a router
Label is local unique, while IP address is global unique
LSD
FIB
Routing
Protocol Messages
Labeled
Packets
LSR A
LSR C
LSR B
LIB
labels
LSD: Link State Database, FIB: Forwarding Information Table
LIB: Label Information Table, LSR: Label Switching Router

20. Traffic Engineering with MPLS
Constraint Based Routing extensions to IS-IS or OSPF
Explicitly routed MPLS path
Controlled from ingress using RSVP-TE or CR-LDP
Label Switched Path (LSP) tunnels are uni-directional pt-pt connections
Packets no longer need to flow over the shortest path
Egress LSR
Ingress LSR
User defined LSP
constraints

21. Constraint-based routing
Extended IGP
User
Constraints
Routing Table
Traffic Engineering
Database (TED)
Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF)
RSVP Signaling
Explicit Route
Reduces the level of manual configuration
Input to CSPF
Path performance constraints
Resource availability
Topology information
Output
Explicit route for MPLS signaling

22. Optical Cross-Connect
MPLS Can Be Re-Used in Optical
Generalized Label Space  Wavelength Identifier Space, Label processing at control plane only
Label Space  FEC, Label processing at both control and transport planes
MPLS Controller
Common Control Plane
GMPLS Controller
IF in Label in IF out Label out
IF in Label in IF out Label out
mapping
mapping
Optical Channel
Matrix 1
l1, l2 1
l1, l2 1 1
Packet
Switching
Matrix l1
l1, l2
3 x 3
l1, l2 2 2 2 2
3 x 3 l2
l1, l2
l1, l2 3 3 3 3
DeMux
Mux
Label Read
Label Write
Label Switched Router
Optical Cross-Connect

23. GMPLS Mechanisms Link Management Protocol (LMP) Routing Extensions
Signaling extensions
Link bundling
Forwarding adjacency
LSP hierarchy
New protocol
Reuse IP MPLS
Scalability

24. Part 4: ASON/GMPLS is coming!

25. IETF GMPLS implementation survey
Company
Type
Signaling
Protocol
SDH/SONET
Extensions
Software
Genealogy
Switching
Capability
Label
Status
Availability
Accelight
Equip. R
Yes
External
P T L
M G S
Beta -
Agilent
Tester
Internal
P T L F
M G W S
Product
On sale
Alcatel
Equip
T L F
G W S
Calient
Ext + TE
L F G
Ciena
Code T S
Alpha
Data Connection
Ext + GMPLS
P T L F
Equipe
P T
G S
internal
First Wave
R + L
G W
HCL Techno.
ISI+TE,GMPLS
Develop
Intel
Japan Telecom
Juniper P
Field trial
Lumentis
Ext+GMPLS L
Marconi
Movaz
LabN+GMPLS
NEC
NetPlane
NTT
P L
M G W
Nortel
Polaris
Tellium
Tropic
P L F
Wipro
Anonymous 2 24
Equip: 14
Code: 8
R:23
L:3 17
Internal: 9
External: 14
P: 10, T: 14, L: 14, F: 9
M: 10, G:21, W: 9, S: 17
P: 4, A: 4, B: 3, D: 7
On sale: 8
P=PSC, T=TDM, L=LSC, F=FSC
M=MPLS label, G=generalized label, W=waveband label, S=SDH/SONET label
Source: IETF CCAMP working Group

26. OIF Interoperability demonstrations
UNI 1.0 demo at SuperComm 2001
User Network Interface (UNI) 1.0 signaling specification
Proofed UNI interworking with over 25 vendors on control plane and data plane
ENNI 1.0 demo at OFC 2003
Inter domain signaling
Inter domain OSPF/ISIS based routing
UNI and SPC initiated connection setup and removal across multi domains over control plane
Participated by over 12 vendors

27. ASON/GMPLS in China Some government funds
National High Technology Research and Development Program ( “863” PROGRAM), launched in March 1986.
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
Some local government programs, such as Shanghai Optical Science and Technology Program (SOST)
“863” focuses on practical issues that are more related to the information industry and economy in China.
NSFC encourages basic research and investigation on breakthrough technologies.

28. Four R&D Phases in 863 Field trial 3TNet In Yangtse R Delta ASTN
ASTN equipments
In China
ASON testbed
& GMPLS
In Tsinghua U &
Shanghai JiaoTong U
ASON
ASON scalability
“CAINONet”
Based on IP/OTN
IP/OTN
1Q Q.2001 3Q 2Q
2005

29. Preliminary ASON Testbeds (01-03)
Goals: to make breakthrough in the ASON and GMPLS key technologies.
Two groups led by Universities:
Group in Beijing: Tsinghua Univ., Beijing Univ. of P&T, Peking Univ.;
Group in Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Alcatel Shanghai BELL, Shanghai Optical Networking Inc..
Two different ASON testbeds
in Beijing
in Shanghai

30. ASON in SJTU

31. ASON Scalability Experiment (03-04)
Goals:
Partition of layers and domains
Topology abstraction
Information exchange between layers
Fast convergence of network topology
End-to-end restoration
Scalability
Totally at least 200 emulated nodes
4 layers
10 domains in a single layer
50 nodes in a single domain

32. ASTN equipments and Trial (03-04)
Equipments project’s goal: 12 ASTN nodes;
Equipment R&D project participants:
ZTE with BUPT, WRI(Fiberhome) with SJTU, Huawei Tech.
ASTN trial working group:
Carriers: Beijing R&D Center of China Telecom, Shanghai Telecom;
Research Institutes: Research Institute of Transmission Technol (RITT), Shanghai Telecom Technol Research Institute;
Equipment Vendors: ZTE, WRI(Fiberhome), Huawei, Datang
Universities: SJTU, THU, BUPT, EUSTC, PKU
Working Group Tasks:
To contribute documents, drafts and standards
To define trial topology and application models
To setup an interoperability lab with third-party test tools
To test and evaluate the developed ASTN equipments
To carry out ASTN network trials in labs and in field

33. OIF 2005 Interworking Demo Lannion, France Waltham, MA-USA
Beijing, China
Berlin, Germany
Musashino, Japan
Lannion, France
Middletown, NJ-USA
Waltham, MA-USA
Torino, Italy

34. Enabling technologies:
What is 3TNet ?
Enabling technologies:
To make breakthrough the Tbps DWDM, Tbps ASTN, Tbps IPv4/v6 Routers, and application environment and supporting platforms.
Network:
To build a broadband information network in Yangtse River Delta jointly with the regional carriers and governments.
Practical Application:
To develop new types of services and value-added services, support Internet DTV/HDTV and interactive multimedia.

35. Part 5: Conclusion
GMPLS re-uses MPLS-TE concepts for the definition of distributed control plane protocols applicable to non-packet or “optical” oriented networks. It is composed of 3 main components: LMP, OSPF-TE/IS-IS, RSVP-TE/CR-LDP.
Forward adjacency, LSP hierarchy and bundling create sufficient scalability and flexibility for common network operations.
Hitless restart and GMPLS-based recovery provide resiliency for control plane and reliability for transport plane respectively.
GMPLS vs. ASON. GMPLS suite today is a Subset of ASON in the sense that it specifically addresses the I-NNI interface at control plane level, GMPLS suite is a Superset of ASON as it considers explicitly data and transport networks at control plane level. ASON is a Network Architecture, while GMPLS is a Protocol Architecture.

36. Thanks for Your Attention!
GMPLS is not the future, … it is the present!
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