1. Chapter 7: Cardiac Emergencies

2. 2 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Terminology  Cardiovascular disease  Coronary heart disease  Heart attack (myocardial infarction)  Cardiac arrest

3. 3 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Cardiac Chain of Survival  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a combination of chest compressions and rescue breathing.  Cardiac Chain of Survival:  Early recognition and early access  Early CPR  Early defibrillation  Early advanced medical care

4. 4 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Recognizing Signals of a Heart Attack  Heart attacks are caused by an obstruction in the coronary arteries.  This blockage leads to death of the heart muscle.  Pain is described as—  Uncomfortable pressure.  Squeezing.  Crushing.  Tightness.  Aching.  Constricting.  Heavy sensation in the chest.

5. 5 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved.  Any severe chest pain, pain lasting longer than 3 to 5 minutes or chest pain accompanied by other signals of a heart attack should receive emergency medical care immediately.  Other signals include—  Trouble breathing.  Paleness.  Ashen skin or bluish skin, particularly around the face.  Skin may also be moist. Recognizing Signals of a Heart Attack (continued)

6. 6 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Recognizing Signals of a Heart Attack (continued)  As with men, women’s most common heart attack signal is chest pain or discomfort.  Women are somewhat more likely to experience other warning signals, particularly—  Shortness of breath.  Nausea or vomiting.  Back or jaw pain.

7. 7 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Care for a Heart Attack  Follow CHECK—CALL—CARE.  Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.  Have the victim stop all physical activity.  Loosen any restrictive clothing and have the victim rest.  Monitor the victim closely.  Be prepared to perform CPR or use an AED.  Talk to bystanders to find out what happened.  Assist the victim.  Do not try to drive the victim to the hospital yourself.  Demonstrate a calm, reassuring manner.

8. 8 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Angina Pectoris  Narrowing/spasm of coronary arteries decrease oxygen to heart muscle tissue.  Angina is the resulting pain associated with the oxygen debt.  Angina seldom lasts longer than 3 to 5 minutes.  Nitroglycerin temporarily widens the arteries and therefore helps relieve the pain.  If there is no relief after 10 minutes, call for help.

9. 9 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Cardiac Arrest  Absent or ineffective heart beat  A victim in cardiac arrest is unconscious and shows no signs of life.  Signs of life include—  Normal breathing.  Movement.  A pulse (for children and infants only).  The victim’s skin may be pale, ashen or bluish, particularly around the face. The face may also be moist from perspiration.  In some cases, a victim of cardiac arrest may not have shown any warning signals. This condition is called sudden death.

10. Chapter 7-2: CPR & Unconscious Choking

11. 11 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Cardiopulmonary Resucitation If cardiac arrest:  Unconscious  Not breathing  Shows no signs of life Then perform:  CPR = 30 compressions and 2 breaths for an adult.

12. 12 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Unconscious Choking—Adult  The most common cause of obstruction in an unconscious person is the tongue.  The care for an unconscious choking adult is very similar to the skill of adult CPR.  Chest compressions are used to help force air from the victim’s lungs to dislodge a foreign object.

13. 13 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Closing  When performing CPR on an adult, give 30 chest compressions, followed by 2 breaths, at a rate of about 100 compressions per minute.  The care for an airway obstruction for an unconscious adult is to give CPR and check for an object in the mouth.  Questions?

14. Chapter 7-3: Adult AED (Automated External Defibrillation)

15. 15 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Types of AEDs

16. 16 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Citizen Responder and AED  Most victims of sudden cardiac arrest need an electric shock, called defibrillation.  Each minute that defibrillation is delayed reduces the victim’s chances of survival by about 10 percent.  The sooner the shock is administered, the greater the likelihood of the victim’s survival.

17. 17 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Automated External Defibrillation  Disease or injury can disrupt the heart’s electrical system and damage the heart.  An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a machine that analyzes the heart’s rhythm and, if necessary, tells you to deliver a shock to a victim of a sudden cardiac arrest.  This shock, called defibrillation, may help the heart reestablish an effective rhythm.  Defibrillation is not intended to restart a heart without any electrical activity.

18. 18 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Safety Precautions When Using an AED  When using an AED, follow these precautions:  Do not touch the victim while the AED is analyzing.  Do not touch the victim while defibrillating.  Do not use alcohol to wipe the victim’s chest dry.  Do not defibrillate someone around flammable materials.  Do not use an AED in a moving vehicle.  Do not use an AED on a victim in contact with water.  Do not use an AED and/or electrode pads designed for adult victims on an infant or a child under age 8 or weighing less than 55 pounds.

19. 19 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Safety Precautions When Using an AED (continued)  Do not use an AED on a victim wearing a nitroglycerin patch or other patch on the chest.  Do not use a mobile phone or conduct radio transmission within 6 feet of the AED.  Do not place the pads directly over a pacemaker or other implanted device.

20. 20 AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID–RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Skill Practice and Scenarios  Now it is time to practice!