1. Disorders of the Urinary System

2. Renal failure tx options
What will we cover?
Common Urinary Terms
Cystitis
Glomerulonephritis
Renal calculi
Renal failure
Renal failure tx options

3. Common Urinary Terms Dysuria Nocturnal Enuresis painful Urination
Bedwetting
Anuria
Oliguria
no urination
scant urination
Hematuria
Pyuria
blood in urine
pus in the urine
Enuresis
Polyuria
Unable to control urination
frequent urination
Nocturia
Frequent night urination

4. Cystitis

5. Cystitis Inflammation of the lining of the bladder
Most common cause – E. Coli
Sx – dysuria, polyuria, fever
Usually in females
Test: UA & Urine Cx
Rx – abx, prevention tips

6. Cystitis Patient Prevention Tips
****Only write bold words****
Drink plenty of liquids, especially water. Drinking lots of fluids is especially important if you're getting chemotherapy or radiation therapy, particularly on treatment days.
Urinate frequently. If you feel the urge to urinate, don't delay using the toilet.
Wipe from front to back after a bowel movement. This prevents bacteria in the anal region from spreading to the vagina and urethra.
Take showers rather than tub baths. If you're susceptible to infections, showering rather than bathing may help prevent them.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus. Do this daily, but don't use harsh soaps or wash too vigorously. The delicate skin around these areas can become irritated.
Empty your bladder as soon as possible after intercourse. Drink a full glass of water to help flush bacteria.
Avoid using deodorant sprays or feminine products in the genital area. These products can irritate the urethra and bladder.

7. Glomerulonephritis

8. Glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli (tiny filters in your kidneys).
Can be acute or chronic.
Sx: Hematuria, Proteinuria, HTN, edema, fatigue, Complication of lupus/DM
Tx: If complication of dx – tx disease. If acute -
cure itself, or if severe – dialysis or transplant.

9. Renal Calculi

11. Renal Calculi crystals of calcium phosphate & uric acid
Get larger until they block ureters
sx – severe pain, n&v, polyuria, chills, fever, hematuria
Dx – sx, x-ray
Rx – increase fluids, meds, and if needed – LITHOTRIPSY (surgical procedure using shock waves to break up stone/s)

12. Renal Failure

13. Renal Failure 2 Types ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE
Cause: nephritis, shock, injury, bleeding, sudden heart failure or poisoning
Sx – oliguria, anuria
Complication – Uremia (toxic – blood retains waste products)
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
gradual loss of function of nephrons – most common cause is complication of DM
Tx – Dialysis or Transplant

14. Renal Failure Tx

15. Dialysis “Artificial Kidney” 2 Types
Type #1: Hemodialysis
Pt connected to dialysis unit by needles & tubing that take the blood from the pt to the machine and back to the pt - filtered by a semipermeable membrane.
2-3x week for 2-4 hours each time
Also needs special diet and meds

16. Dialysis “Artificial Kidney” 2 Types
Peritoneal Dialysis
Uses the pts own peritoneal lining instead of dialyzer to filter blood.
Solution into abdomen through catheter then drained.
4 changes/day or some do while sleeping (automated)

17. Kidney Transplant
Must be from similar immune system to prevent rejection.
Blood & cellular material must match
Antirejection drugs given after transplant.
Last hope for most

18. Dialysis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8Uj-C1-HyU