1. Lynne Armitage, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia & Janine Irons, Curtin University, Perth, Australia Heritage Conservation in Australia: An Examination of the Legislative Framework

2. 1. INTRODUCTION  Community and governments  Objectives of paper –Structures and frameworks –Where, why, what  Perspectives of –Value: market value –Heritage focus: built heritage –Geographic context: urban metropolitan –Property class: single unit detached dwelling –Statutory listing perspective: City of Fremantle Heritage List 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

3. LOCATION OF STUDY AREA HERITAGE Milan  Milan  Fremantle  ____ Fremantle  2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

4. 2. CONTEXT  Tools for identification and management –Listing/designation/registration  Implications for land owners –On property value –Legal obligations? Statutory or non-statutory control –Variable impact –Public versus private good  Research focus –Policy and regulatory aspects –3-tiers of Australian government HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

5. 3. STATUTORY LISTING  International and community roots –Athens Charter, Venice Charter –Australian ICOMOS – Burra Charter –National Trust; Fremantle Society  Federal leadership –Australian Heritage Council (AHC) Act 1975 establishing Register of the National Estate –Hierarchy: 1.world/national significance = federal 2.state significance = state responsibility 3.local significance – delegated by state to local gov’t 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

6. 3. STATUTORY LISTING  Issues in Western Australia –Variety of registers Table 1 in full paper refers One international; 3 national; 4 state; 2 at LGA level –Scale of listing Across Australia 170,000 listed heritage places, 90% being listed at LGA level In WA about 17,200 properties are listed, with only 1,200 (approx 7%) being at the state level (WAPC) 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

7. NATIONAL HERITAGE HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

8. 4. STATUTORY LISTING - NATIONAL LEVEL  National and Commonwealth Heritage lists –Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999 –National list ‘outstanding heritage value’: e.g. Sydney Opera House; Great Barrier Reef; Sydney Harbour Bridge; Old Parliament House, Canberra; Uluru (Ayers Rock) –Anyone can nominate a place for inclusion; then assessed by Australian Heritage Council –Civil and criminal penalties for unauthorised actions –Evaluation criteria include: aesthetic, historic, scientific or social significance such as rare or endangered features; association with significant people; spiritual association; importance for Indigenous tradition 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

9. STATE HERITAGE HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

10. 5. STATUTORY LISTING - STATE LEVEL  Heritage of Western Australia Act (HWA) 1990 -Administered by Heritage Council of WA : State register for the recognition, management and protection of places -Over 1,200 entries – mainly individual properties but some precincts; split of land uses; most are residential 28% with commercial, education or government all about 20% each -Registration criteria: cultural heritage significance or special interest associated with cultural heritage -Factors considered include: distinctive features; scarcity; unity of design; beauty; or by association with historic person, event, discovery; scientific or other contribution to knowledge 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

11. LOCAL HERITAGE HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

12. 6. STATUTORY LISTING - LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL  The third – local - tier of government -Municipal Heritage Inventories (MHIs) required under Sec 45 HWA Act -Local threshold of merit for assessment mirrors State Register -Limited statutory protection mainly via local planning schemes under Sec 26 of the WA Planning and Development Act 2005 -State Planning Policy 3.5 (SPP 3.5) Historic Heritage Conservation manages the sensitive interface of heritage protection and development pressure of heritage places -A Model Scheme Text (MST) provides LGAs with guidance for their planning schemes re heritage management issues 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

13. SAMPLE SUMMARY MHI ENTRY HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

14. 7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION  Objectives of paper –Structures and frameworks governing heritage listing system –Legislative system: 3-tiers, following government –Robust, flexible system: promotes certainty –Complementary costs: burden falls on individual owners –Further study (recently completed) will identify the impact on price through empirical research – survey of Fremantle – listed vs non-listed dwellings 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE