1. Past warming and ragweed season US National Climate Assessment, 2014

3. Future summers warmer than warmest on record Today’s 1 billion at risk for hunger could double by mid-century. Battisi and Naylor, Science 2009

4. PRECIPITATION Climate Variability and Change

5. U.S. CCSP, 2008 Globally Averaged In Future, when it rains…it will pour. By mid-century, Chicago region may experience 50- 120% increase in CSO events ( Patz et al. 2008 )

6. At least 24 died in landslide on March 22, 2014, north of Seattle March, 2014, was the wettest in history for Seattle

7. SEA LEVEL RISE Climate Variability and Change

8. US National Climate Assessment, 2014

9. Sea level affecting US populations Schneider & Curtis, 2011

10. OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTH “CO-BENEFITS” Adaptation and Mitigation

11. Reducing fossil fuel use: An opportunity for improving health We can reduce: The 3 million annual deaths from urban air pollution The loss of 3.2 million deaths, from physical inactivity Global Burden of Disease Report, 2013

12. Cost of cleaner energy: < $30/ tCO 2 West et. al. 2013 Benefits of cleaner energy:$200*/ tCO 2 WHICH NUMBER IS BIGGER??? (* Range: $50 to $380) For E. Asia, co-benefits are 10 to 70 times greater

13. 20% fewer car trips: Change in O 3 & PM 2.5 Grabow et al (2011)

14. 20% fewer car trips: Change in O 3 & PM 2.5 Grabow et al (2011) >500 lives saved/yr >500 lives saved/yr 100,000s of Hospital admissions avoided 100,000s of Hospital admissions avoided >$4 billion in avoided mortality and health care costs >$4 billion in avoided mortality and health care costs And if those short trips ( 700 lives /yr and another $4 billion dollars in avoided mortality costs

15.  Active Transportation,  Diabetes National Walking and Bicycling Alliance 2014

16. Active Commuting and Health--Evidence Shows: U.S. cities with enhanced levels of active transport experience health benefits  obesity and diabetes rates 20% and 23% lower (Pucher et al. 2010) Active commuting in Finland reduces 10-year risk of chronic heart disease events (Hu et al. 2007) High levels of active commuting in China result in reduced risk of colon cancer (Hou et al. 2004) Active Commuting has a protective effect on cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality, coronary heart disease incidents, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes (Hamer et al. 2008) San Francisco Bay Area study found increasing biking and walking by 20 minutes/day would reduce cardiovascular disease and diabetes by 14% and decrease (Maizlish et al. 2013)

17. Dec. 2015 is fast approaching Thank you. Jonathan Patz, Director patz@wisc.edu COP 21 to take place in Paris