1. Animal Assisted Psychotherapy (AAP) Dr. Peter Claydon Licensed Clinical Psychologist Animal Hugger

3. Outline Historical Antecedents Historical Antecedents Contemporary Perspectives Contemporary Perspectives Benefits and Limitations of AAP Benefits and Limitations of AAP Examples and Descriptions of Canine and Equine Assisted Psychotherapy Examples and Descriptions of Canine and Equine Assisted Psychotherapy

4. Historical Antecedents: Animal Assisted Therapy 9 th c Belgium: disabled patients + farm animals 9 th c Belgium: disabled patients + farm animals 1792 Quakers in York, England: psychiatric in-patients + birds and rabbits 1792 Quakers in York, England: psychiatric in-patients + birds and rabbits 1860 Florence Nightingale, Notes on Nursing : the sick/invalids + small pets/bird in a cage 1860 Florence Nightingale, Notes on Nursing : the sick/invalids + small pets/bird in a cage Late 19 th c Germany: epilepsy + birds, dogs, cats and horses Late 19 th c Germany: epilepsy + birds, dogs, cats and horses Early 20 th c US, Secretary of the Interior, Franklin Lane: psychiatric patients + dogs Early 20 th c US, Secretary of the Interior, Franklin Lane: psychiatric patients + dogs Early 20 th c Sigmund Freud: psychiatric patients + dog “Jo-Fi” Early 20 th c Sigmund Freud: psychiatric patients + dog “Jo-Fi” End of WWII, Army Air Corps Convalescent Center New York End of WWII, Army Air Corps Convalescent Center New York

5. Serendipitous Discovery in the 1960s Boris Levinson, MD: 9 yr old patient + dog “Jingles” – the birth of animal assisted psychotherapy (“Pet Therapy”) Boris Levinson, MD: 9 yr old patient + dog “Jingles” – the birth of animal assisted psychotherapy (“Pet Therapy”) OSU Psychiatric Hospital, Drs. Corsen + Corsen: socialization skill development of adult and adolescent inpatients + dogs OSU Psychiatric Hospital, Drs. Corsen + Corsen: socialization skill development of adult and adolescent inpatients + dogs

6. Contemporary Research Barker & Dawson (1998): institutionalized patients and anxiety + dogs Barker & Dawson (1998): institutionalized patients and anxiety + dogs Barak et al. (2001): elderly patients with schizophrenia + dogs and cats Barak et al. (2001): elderly patients with schizophrenia + dogs and cats Kovacs et al. (2004): middle-aged patients with schizophrenia + small animals Kovacs et al. (2004): middle-aged patients with schizophrenia + small animals Cobaleda-Kegler (2006): female juvenile offenders + cats Cobaleda-Kegler (2006): female juvenile offenders + cats Limitations: no comparison groups Limitations: no comparison groups

7. Trotter, Chandler, Goodwin- Bond and Casey (2008) “A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Group Equine Assisted Counseling with At Risk Children and Adolescents” “A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Group Equine Assisted Counseling with At Risk Children and Adolescents” Group 1: Equine Assisted Counseling (EAC) Group 1: Equine Assisted Counseling (EAC) Group 2: school-based group counseling (“Kids Connection”) Group 2: school-based group counseling (“Kids Connection”) Results showed EAC superior to school counseling on all measures Results showed EAC superior to school counseling on all measures Limitations…. Limitations….

8. Benefits of AAP 1. Symptom reduction, e.g. Depression; Anxiety; Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder; Conduct Disorders; Substance Abuse; Body Image Disorders; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; Schizophrenias; Autism Spectrum Disorders 2. Functional improvement in areas such as self- esteem; social and relational abilities; learning (e.g. memory, problem solving, decision making)

9. Limitations of AAP 1.Not suitable for all patient populations, e.g. severe Anti Social Personality Disorder; certain psychotic states; serious dementia or brain damage 2.Some animals may not be suited for AAP

11. Accrediting & Certification PET PARTNERS (formerly The Delta Society), est. mid-1970s PET PARTNERS (formerly The Delta Society), est. mid-1970s EFMHA, Equine Facilitated Mental Health Association, a subsidiary of PATH International Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International, est. 1969 (formerly NARHA) EFMHA, Equine Facilitated Mental Health Association, a subsidiary of PATH International Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International, est. 1969 (formerly NARHA) EAGALA, Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association, est. 1999 EAGALA, Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association, est. 1999 CBEIP, Certification Board for Equine Interaction Professionals, circa 2010 CBEIP, Certification Board for Equine Interaction Professionals, circa 2010

12. Local Equine Assisted Therapy Programs H.E.A.R.T.S Adaptive Riding Program (Santa Barbara) H.E.A.R.T.S Adaptive Riding Program (Santa Barbara) Windhorse Equine Assisted Therapy Center (Santa Ynez Valley) Windhorse Equine Assisted Therapy Center (Santa Ynez Valley) Reins of H.O.P.E. (Ojai) Reins of H.O.P.E. (Ojai)

13. HEARTS Therapeutic Equestrian Center www.heartsadaptiveriding.org www.heartsadaptiveriding.org www.heartsadaptiveriding.org Accredited by PATH International Accredited by PATH International

14. Windhorse Equine Assisted Therapy Center Formerly Santa Ynez Valley Therapeutic Riding Program Formerly Santa Ynez Valley Therapeutic Riding Program www.syvtherapeuticriding.org www.syvtherapeuticriding.org H.E.L.P. - Horse Enlightened Learning and Psychotherapy

15. Reins of H.O.P.E. reinsofhope-ojai.org Executive Director: Julie Sardonia, M.A., L.M.F.T.

16. Local Canine Assisted Therapy Child Abuse Listening and Mediation (CALM): calm4kids.org Child Abuse Listening and Mediation (CALM): calm4kids.org Pilot Program, principal investigator Brenda Murrow, PhD candidate: bmurrow@calm4kids.org Pilot Program, principal investigator Brenda Murrow, PhD candidate: bmurrow@calm4kids.org

17. My Therapy Dog, Pixie