1. Lloyd’s Register Marine - Classification & Marine Technology Tim Kent Technical Director, Marine August 2013

2. Lloyd’s Register’s Mission Through its constitution, Lloyd’s Register is directed to: “Secure, for the benefit of the community, high technical standards of design, manufacture, construction, maintenance, operation, and performance, for the purpose of enhancing the safety of life and property at sea, on land, and in the air, and” “Advance public education within engineering and technological disciplines”

3. What is Classification? The development, publication and implementation of Rules and Regulations covering the design, construction and operation of ships, which help achieve and maintain acceptable levels of safety, performance and reliability

4. What do the Class Rules & Regulations cover? Structural strength and watertight integrity of the hull

5. What do the Class Rules & Regulations cover? Safety and reliability of propulsion and steering systems

6. What do the Classification Rules & Regs cover? Effectiveness of essential auxiliary systems

7. The Origins of Classification from 1760 Commercial need to reduce losses of ships and cargoes Grading systems: 1764 A, E, I, O, U (hull) G, M, B (equipment) AG - the best, UB - the worst 1768 A, B, C (hull) 1, 2, 3 (equipment) A1 - the best, now has world famous meaning! 1870 100 - iron ships suitable for sea-going service 2011| 100A1 Double Hull Oil Tanker, ShipRight (FDA, SDA, CM), *IWS, LI | LMC, UMS

8. What do the Class Rules & Regulations not cover? Stability Life saving appliances Pollution prevention Structural fire protection Why not? The requirements for all of the above are contained in internationally accepted statutory codes and conventions

9. Relationship between class and statutory regulation Implementation of standards for: Strength Propelling machinery Electrical systems Control systems Anchoring equipment Strength Fire & lifesaving Communications Damage stability Propelling machinery, electrical and control systems Strength Freeboard Intact stability Damage stability Accidental Operational IMO Conventions Safety (SOLAS) Stability (Loadline) Pollution (MARPOL) Damage stability Statutory certification Classification

10. How Do Ships Enter Class?

11. Plans & Alterations Approved

12. Materials Made at Approved Works

13. Hull Constructed Under Lloyd’s Register’s Special Survey

14. Machinery Constructed Under Lloyd’s Register’s Special Survey

15. Survey of Electrical and Control Equipment

16. Conditions for Classification Satisfactory completion of periodical surveys Reporting all damages and defects Valid convention certificates Correct loading and operation Availability of approved loading guidance Operation in suitable environment

17. Conditions for Classification – Survey Cycle Year12345 AS ITSS or ITMS DS IWSDS SS

18. Marine Technology – Lloyd’s Register’s Approach

19. Intelligence on Business Drivers

20. Technology as an enabler on a 10+ Year Horizon Increasing regulation from IMO and others  New technologies & complexity Increasingly competitive market  Efficiency will drive adoption of automation, complexity and novel design  Industry will be obliged to satisfy Regulations and may want to pursue efficiency Lloyd’s Register’s application of technology …... as a Classification Society, verifying safe integration of elements into the overall ship... as a Recognised Organisation, certifying functional performance of ship’s systems and features in accordance with international conventions … as a Technical Services provider, assisting clients improve their competitiveness and business performance

21. Minimal safety risk essential safety functions dependability of essential safety systems machinery, equipment, components Minimal environmental impact essential environmental functions dependability of essential environmental systems machinery, equipment, components Maximum commercial benefit essential commercial functions dependability of essential commercial systems machinery, equipment, components class future class society services Marine industry's greatest driver is sustainability - A sustainable marine industry means ships with…

22. Minimal safety risk essential safety functions dependability of essential safety systems machinery, equipment, components Minimal environmental impact essential environmental functions dependability of essential environmental systems machinery, equipment, components Maximum commercial benefit essential commercial functions dependability of essential commercial systems machinery, equipment, components technology drivers Marine industry's greatest driver is sustainability - A sustainable marine industry means ships with…

23. Academia Technology Lifecycle & Innovation Deployment in Industry Principles Innovation Demonstrators 12356 Technology Readiness Levels JIPs, EU projects Government bridging funds PhDs, EngDs Post Docs Product Development Product 4789 Development Roll out Bleeding edge Leading edgeMatureObsolete Level of adoption Capability Fundamental Knowledge Industry Visionaries Industry Backbone Late Entrants Early Adopters Lifecycle Stage: Company Attitude and Behaviour Lloyd’s Register & Collaborators

24. Academia Technology Lifecycle & Innovation Deployment in Industry Principles Innovation Demonstrators 12356 Technology Readiness Levels JIPs, EU projects Government bridging funds PhDs, EngDs Post Docs Product Development Product 4789 Development Roll out Bleeding edge Leading edgeMatureObsolete Level of adoption Capability Fundamental Knowledge Industry Visionaries Industry Backbone Late Entrants Early Adopters Lifecycle Stage: Company Attitude and Behaviour Lloyd’s Register & Collaborators

25. Implementing Strategic Research and Innovation Hull loading and structures Materials Mechanical, Elect, & Control Eng. 1 1 2 2 3 3 Fire, safety & statutory disciplines 4 4 5 5 Resistance & Propulsion 6 6 Human behavior and ergonomics Systems Engineering Risk Assessment CORE TECHNOLOGIES INTEGRATION ACTIVITIES

26. Tier 1 Goals Tier 2 Functional requirements Tier 3 Verification of conformity Tier 4 Verified solutions Tier 5 Industry practices/standards Prescriptive Rules Alternative Arrangements Novel Arrangements RIGOROUS VERIFICATION OF INNOVATION Applying emerging technology outside of prescriptive Rules using a performance-based approach …

27. To address complexity … … and to get the basics right? … implemented following a systematic procedure

28. Area – New & Novel design Lead on risk assessment Area – New & Novel design Lead on risk assessment Area – AD&A Lead on equivalence Area – AD&A Lead on equivalence Area – Goal based rules Lead on ensuring goals are achieved Area – Goal based rules Lead on ensuring goals are achieved Area – High Complexity Lead on systems thinking Area – High Complexity Lead on systems thinking Dealing with increasing complexity … Peer review

29. YES NO Stage 1 Assessment Stage 2 Assessment Stage 4 Assessment Stage 3 Assessment STAR T END Acceptance criteria satisfied? Conventional Classification & Statutory Approval Process Led by Subject Matter Expert in relevant Discipline Led by expert in Risk Assessment (or equivalent) Risk Control Requirements (criteria, Rules, standards etc. to be applied during survey) … using a standard process, scalable according to the degree of innovation, always applied with rigour.

30. Thank you. May 2013