1. Imperialism of Africa European Scramble for Colonies

2. Basic Principles of Imperialism  Imperialism?:  Racism?:  Social Darwinism?:

3. Industrial Revolution Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases European Motives For Colonization Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul. Soc. & Eco. Opportunities Humanitarian Reasons European Racism “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism

4. Why was Africa Prone to Imperialism?  External Factors?:  Internal Factors?:  What were Euros after?

5. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  14 European nations agreed how to divide Africa  Problem?!  Outcomes: Forced distribution of African ethnic & linguistic groups Transformation of African way of life

6. 20 th Century Africa

7. Colonial Africa

9. 1. Where Is Dr. Livingstone? Dr. David Livingstone Doctor Livingstone, I Presume? Sir Henry Morton Stanley Also: founded Congo Free State (on behalf of King Leopold II of Belgium)

10. European Explorations in mid-19c: “The Scramble for Africa”

11. The Belgian Congo  Stanley’s exploration of Af. sparked interest of Leopold II (Belgium)  1879-1882: Stanley signed treaties w/chiefs of Congo River Valley for Leo  Leo’s primary motive = abolish slavery & spread Christianity  BUT, he brutally exploited Congo for rubber 10 mill. died 1908: Belgian govt. took control

12. European Imperialism in South Africa

13. I. Early Euro. Explorers & Settlers  1487: Bartholomew Diaz  1497: Vasco da Gama  1652: Dutch Attraction of the Cape of Good Hope?

14.  1652: Dutch (“Boers” or “Afrikaners”) established Cape Town  1814: British appear

15.  Conflict betw. Boers & British? Dutch had slaves  1833: Emancipation of slaves

16. II. The Great Trek  1835-1848: Dutch fought w/Zulus for land

17.  1868: diamonds discovered in Cape colony  1885: gold discovered in Transvaal Effects?? “Outlanders”

18.  1853: Cecil Rhodes (DeBeers Diamond Co.)  1896-1899: reconciliation attempts failed

19. III. The Boer War (1899-1902)  Boers: guerilla tactics  British: burned farms  Outcome?  1910: the Union of South Africa National Party?

20. Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance  The only Af. nation that resisted Euros.  Menelik II 1889: became emperor Built up a large arsenal of modern weapons Noticed discrepancies in treaty w/Italy  1896: Battle of Adowa – Ethiopians won

22. 2. What is the Source of the Nile? John Speke Sir Richard Burton

23. Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) “The Colossus of Rhodes”

24. Uncle Sam: “The Colossus of the Pacific” (A Parody)

25. Africa in the 1880s

26. Africa in 1914

28.  3 Groups that clashed over territory & resources in South Africa Zulus Boers (Afrikaners) (Dutch) British  Outcome of the Boer War (1899-1902) Creation of self-governing Union of South Africa controlled by British (Apartheid system)

29. What were 4 positive sides of colonialism?  Reduced local warfare  Brought humanitarian efforts  Economic expansion  Railroads, dams, telegraph lines

30. What were 6 negative sides of colonialism in Africa?  Africans lost control of their land & their independence  Many died of new diseases  Famine  Lost thousands of people in resisting Europeans  Breakdown of traditional cultures  Division of the African continent