1. ICRAT 2004 Airport Surface Operations Analysis Tarja Kettunen ISA Software International Conference on Research in Air Transportation Zilina, Slovakia, 22-24 November, 2004

2. ICRAT 2004 Introduction Objectives Data Results –Overall results for all airports –ATL case study –Impact of a new runway Conclusion and future work Contents

3. ICRAT 2004 Airport capacity –Infrastructure –Weather –Environmental constraints Operations at hub airports Gate-to-Gate ATM Introduction

4. ICRAT 2004 To complement FAA’s Airport Capacity Benchmark Analysis To provide parameters for modelling purposes –Generic and airline-specific operating time distributions for each airport –Predictability in 4D trajectory modelling Not to compare and criticize airports based on their performance Objectives

5. ICRAT 2004 US DOT TranStats database, Airline on- time performance data –Data reported by all airlines with >1% of domestic scheduled passenger revenues –Excluded are general aviation, international, military, cargo and non-scheduled flights September 2000 data for TOP31 airports, over 600 000 flights Taxi-data definitions: –Taxi-out: from gate until wheels-off –Taxi-in: from wheels-on until at gate Data

6. ICRAT 2004 Overall results – Airport activity

7. ICRAT 2004 Overall results – Taxi-out times

8. ICRAT 2004 Overall results – Taxi-in times

9. ICRAT 2004 Overall results – Taxi time variation Taxi time data between 25th and 75th percentiles

10. ICRAT 2004 Detailed results – Atlanta case study Hourly distribution of traffic

11. ICRAT 2004 ATL – Hourly taxi times Average taxi-out time 18.6 minutes Average taxi-in 9.1 minutes

12. ICRAT 2004 ATL – Taxi time distribution Delta Airlines

13. ICRAT 2004 Impact of new runway on taxiing times Target of the analysis: –Airport with new runway after Sept. 2000 –Airport with ground delays –Airport with identical traffic levels before and after the new runway  Phoenix Sky Harbor Int’l airport –Third runway in October 2000 –Ranked 15th in US taxi-out delays –Traffic: Sept 47283 ops, Nov 46898 ops

14. ICRAT 2004 Impact of new runway on taxiing times Taxi-out times before and after Average taxi-in Before 5.7 min After 5.4 min Average taxi-out Before 15.7 min After 14.5 min

15. ICRAT 2004 Conclusion and future work A few airports with distinctive surface operations performance Today’s airport surface operations are somewhat unpredictable –Taxi-out is subject to very large variations –Taxi-in is less time consuming and much more predictable Surface predictability needs to increase to support 4D-contract based management  Weather

16. ICRAT 2004 -Thank you for your attention - Contact: Tarja Kettunen ISA Software tarja@isa-software.com www.isa-software.com