1. + V 0-pk - i L (t) + v L (t) - + v S (t) - v S (t) i S (t) i 1 (t) i 2 (t) i 3 (t) i 4 (t) Full Wave Rectifier i 1 (t)=i 3 (t) i 2 (t)=i 4 (t) i L (t) =i 1 (t) + i 2 (t) =i 3 (t) + i 4 (t) =i 1 (t) - i 4 (t) =i 3 (t) - i 2 (t) v L (t) i S (t)

2. + V 0-pk - ILIL + v L (t) - Full Wave Rectifier i R (t) v L (t) i R (t) +VL-+VL- i c (t) VLVL ILIL i s (t) i c (t) i s (t) By inspection: I S = I R (RMS)

3.   Diode Off, Capacitor Discharging Diode On, Capacitor Charging I pk For Full Wave Rectifier For Half Wave Rectifier Diode Currents

4. Current Distortion – BAD juju Excess currents in distribution infrastructure –Heat –Wasted Power/Lost Revenue Shunt capacitors –High currents due to low reactance at harmonics –Undesired resonances Induced distortion of Voltage Waveform

5. Power Quality Guidelines IEEE-519 Consumers – Limit Distortion on load current waveform Utilities - Limit distortion of voltage waveform I sc /I 1 Odd HarmonicsTHD % H < 1111< h <1717< h <2323< h <3535< h <204.02.01.50.60.35.0 20 - 507.03.52.51.00.58.0 50 - 10010.04.54.01.50.712.0 100 - 100012.05.55.02.01.015.0 >100015.07.06.02.51.420.0