1. Modernizing America From the Wild West to the Big City 1860 – 1920

2. The American West The Second Industrial Revolution Life at the Turn of the Century

3. Go West! Why?

5. Sioux Cheyenne Nez Perce Apache Whites

6. U.S. Policy From forced removal (Jackson 1830) To forced relocation to reservations and then…

7. Conflict Culture –Nomad lifestyle of Plains Indians –Land should not be owned Buffalo –Center of Indians life Use everything for life –Whites herd them and kill for hides and sport

9. War Sandy Creek Massacre –150 women and children Battle of Little Big Horn –Sitting Bull defeats Custer Wounded Knee

10. Sitting Bull and George Custer

11. Native American Warriors

12. Wounded Knee Custer’s old cavalry slaughters Sioux tribe while doing Ghost Dance. Marched them freezing to camp. Shot fired; 300 dead. END of Indian wars.

13. U.S. Policy From forced removal (Jackson 1830) To forced relocation to reservations and then…assimilation

14. Laws Dawes Act –End Reservation system –Make Indians land owners –160 acres to head of family –80 to single over 18

16. Mining and Ranching Wild Wild West

19. Cowboys Herded Texas longhorns up to Great Plains. Loaded on a train to be shipped to Chicago. WHY? Growing demand for beef in the East because cities expanding.

20. Cowboys and Wild West Dodge City, KS Tombstone, AZ Billy the Kid Doc Holliday Wyatt Earp Buffalo Bill

21. Immortalizing the West E.Z. Judson writer or “dime novels” Iconized the “wild west”

22. End of the Cowboy Barbed wire Refrigerated railcar

24. Railroads Railroads open the west Irish and Chinese immigrants primary labor Transcontinental railroad connects a Promontory Point, Utah

26. Big Business of Railroads 1865 - 35,000 miles of track 1900 – 193,000 miles of track Greatest impact on America Economy –National market –Mass consumption – production –Specialization –New industries –Connects east and west –Encourages travel

27. Railroads Companies B & O Pennsylvania (Reading) New York Make rails compatible Consolidate competition

28. Questions Who should own the railroads? Private businessmen or the government?

29. Railroad Politics Corrupt Railroads –Consolidated rails price, gouged and took bribes. –Small farmers were charged high rates –Big farmers paid bribes

30. Farming Problems

31. Life on the Great Plains Exodusters-black settlers. Soddy- house made out of grass and sod.

32. Changes in Farming Commercialization –Small farmer driven out of business –Buy household goods Sears and Roebuck catalogs Specialization –Concentrate on one large cash crop

33. Farming is Big Business Bonanza farms-large farms –Hurt smaller farms –Can’t compete.

34. Prices hurt Farmers Machinery expensive-took out loans. Household good go up. Railroads raise rates Prices for crops began to fall 1870’s. Wheat Corn –1867 $2.00 $.78 –1889.70.23

35. Farmers Organize Form the Farmer’s Alliances- –educate farmers and lobby the gov’t. National Grange Movement –Oliver H. Kelly –Political Actions –Granger Laws passed in states Control railroad “short haul” rates

36. States can regulate “short haul” or inside state hauling but what about across state lines?

37. Laws Interstate Commerce Act –Sets up ICC that could investigate and penalize “Unreasonable and unjust” rates or any discriminatory practices by railroads.

38. List and explain 2 ways the railroads impacted the U.S. Economy? List and explain 2 ways farming changed and the problems farmers face