1. ORGANIC VS. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS Another way of classifying chemical compounds…

2. Let’s Recap... WE can classify substances as Acids and Bases H in front of the formula = Acid OH at the end of the formula = Base If the substance is neither = a SALT WE can classify substances as IONIC or COVALENT Ionic = metal and a non-metal bonded (transfer e-) Covalent= 2 non-metals bonded ( share e-)

3. Every compound in the world is classified as either Organic, or Inorganic. Did you know that well over 50% of all known compounds on earth are Organic compounds??

4. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Organic compounds contain carbon (C) and usually hydrogen (H) Sometimes other types of atoms are also attached, including: oxygen, halogens, and nitrogen

5. Is that why foods are called “organic”?  Organic actually derives from “coming from life”, because the compounds that plants and animals make are all C-compounds  This is not the meaning of organic foods though!  In this case organic foods refer to being produced without chemicals (ironically many of these chemicals are actually ORGANIC compounds!)

6. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS DO NOT contain carbon and Hydrogen… DO NOT contain carbon and Hydrogen… NaS NaS Li F Li F CuCl 2 CuCl 2 Carbon Monoxide (CO),and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), and Carbon Trioxide (CO 3 ) Carbon Monoxide (CO),and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), and Carbon Trioxide (CO 3 ) Compounds containing cyanide (CN - ) ions Compounds containing cyanide (CN - ) ions Compounds with an C and an H BUT the H is written first!! HCO 3 Compounds with an C and an H BUT the H is written first!! HCO 3

7. Why are they so special? Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell, which allows for more chemical bonding possibilities than any other element. Long chains of carbons form petroleum and plastics Some cyclic (“circular”) rings of carbons form pesticides The acetaminophen molecule: the active ingredient in Tylenol

8. There are 2 Types of Organic compounds. Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons Alcohols Alcohols

9. Hydrocarbons A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are based on a carbon “backbone”, or chain, with hydrogen atoms added on the sides

10. You know about hydrocarbons already! The simplest hydrocarbons are ones that you might recognize… Methane (CH 4 )--- main component of natural gas Ethane (C 2 H 6 )--- also found in natural gas Propane (C 3 H 8 ) --- used as a fuel for BBQs Butane (C 4 H 10 ) --- an extremely flammable fluid used in industrial torches Octane (C 8 H 18 )---a combustible liquid in gasoline All hydrocarbons are flammable, and most are liquids are room temperature

11. Alcohols Alcohols are organic compounds with C, H and O. The simplest alcohols are: Methanol (CH 4 O)--- used in labs as a solvent but causes blindness! Ethanol (C 2 H 6 O)---is a psychoactive drug (present in alcohol), but is now being considered as a fuel source Isopropyl alcohol (C 3 H 8 O)---rubbing alcohol used to sterilize cuts Alcohols are generally very flammable

12. ORGANIC OR NOT??? DNA ORGANIC---DNA is has a sugar backbone, which consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

13. ORGANIC OR NOT??? Vegetable Oil ORGANIC--- oils and fats are long-chain carbon compounds, which are used by living things as a way of storing energy

14. ORGANIC OR NOT??? Sulphuric Acid NOT! Sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is the strong acid found in car batteries, but doesn’t contain carbon and isn’t organic

15. ORGANIC OR NOT??? Corn starch ORGANIC! Starch is produced by plants as a way of storing sugars that they don’t need right away

16. ORGANIC OR NOT??? Copper (II) Sulphate NOT! Copper (II) sulphate is a beautiful blue crystal, but does not contain carbon and is definitely not organic!

17. Three different representations: 1. Structural formula- lists the elements and their proportions in the order they are bonded Methane CH 4 Methanol CH 3 OH Acetic Acid (Vinegar) CH 3 COOH

18. Three different representations: 2. Ball-and-stick model- each element is given a different colour and/or size and the picture shows how many and how the elements are bonded Each black ball represent C… Each white ball represents H… The red ball represents O… This is Ethanol! (alcohol group -0H)

19. Three different representations: 3. Space-filling model- similar to a ball-and-stick model, but an animated model that shows how elements are connected Heme- the iron-containing component of hemoglobin, C 34 H 32 FeN 4 O 4 Methylisocyanate- a valuable synthetic component for biology CH 3 N=C=S