1. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design Alan Dennis and Barbara Haley Wixom John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Slides by Fred Niederman

2. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2 Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for redistribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.

3. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Architecture Design Chapter 9

4. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4 Key Definitions The architecture design consists of plans for the hardware, software, communications, security, and global support for the new application The designers must decide if processing will occur in the server (server-based), at the personal computer (client-based), or in some combination of these (client-server based).

5. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Key Definitions The network model shows major components of the system, where they are located and how they will be connected to one another. The hardware and software specifications describe these components in detail and aid those responsible for purchase and acquisition of these products.

6. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Computing Architectures

7. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Functions of the Application System Data storage Data access logic Application logic Presentation logic

8. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Architectures Server based Client based Client-server based

9. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Alternative Servers Mainframe Minicomputer Microcomputer (personal computer)

10. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Alternative Clients Terminals Microcomputer (personal computer) Special purpose terminals (ATMs, kiosks, Palm Pilots, and many others)

11. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Server-Based Computing

12. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12 Client-Based Computing

13. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13 Client-Server-Based Computing

14. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14 Client-Server Attributes Typical Pros Compatible with web-based system design Scaleable Work with multiple vendors/products No central point of failure Typical Cons/Limits Complexity New programming languages and techniques (stress for personnel) More complex to update

15. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 Client-Server -- Three Tiers

16. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Client-Server -- Four Tiers

17. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17 N-Tiered Client-Server Attributes Typical Pros Separates processing to better balance load More scaleable Typical Cons/Limits Greater load on the network More difficult to program and test

18. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Your Turn Consider the course registration system at your university: What computing architecture does it use? What computing architecture would you use if you were replacing it today?

19. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19 Infrastructure Design

20. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20 Realities of Infrastructure Design Most often the infrastructure will be in place Coordination of infrastructure components is very complex The application developer will need to coordinate with infrastructure specialists

21. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21 The Network Model No standard format Conveys complexity of the system and how components fit together Components are clients equipment connection to external systems or networks

22. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22 Top-Level Network Model

23. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23 Hardware and Software Specification Used if new hardware or software must be purchased Actual acquisition of hardware and software usually left to a purchasing department -- especially in larger firms

24. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24 Steps in Hardware and Software Specification Note hardware in low-level network model to create list of needed hardware Describe equipment in as much detail as possible Consider whether increased processing and traffic will absorb unused hardware capacity Note all software running on each hardware component

25. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 25 Global Issues

26. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 26 Global Requirements Multilingual requirements Concurrent multilingual systems Discrete multilingual systems Local versus centralized control Unstated norms (e.g. dates, currency) 24-7 Support Communications infrastructure

27. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 27 Security

28. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 28 Identifying Threats to the System A threat is any potential adverse occurrence that can do harm to the application or its data Threats come from internal as well as external sources Categories of threats Disruptions, destruction and disaster Unauthorized access

29. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 29 Most Common Threats

30. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 30 Assessing the Risk of Each Threat

31. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 31 Creating Controls A control is something that mitigates or stops a threat Controls include redundancy fault tolerant servers disaster recovery plans anti-virus software

32. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 32 Additional Controls Include A security policy Passwords and encryption Firewalls

33. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. What sort of computer architecture would you recommend for CD Solutions? Explain your preference.

34. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 34 Summary The three fundamental computing architectures are server-based, client-based, and client-server based. The network model shows technical components of the system and their geographic location throughout the organization. Hardware and software must be specified for acquisition in the project The systems analyst needs to also account for global issues and security measures.