1. About AOPA 414,000 members Largest general aviation organization Virtually all active pilots 50-100 hours per year Member service Lobbying Offer Jeppesen wx on website:www.aopa.org

2. GA pilot population Certificate levels: Student, Private, Commercial, Airline Transport, Flight Instructor Ratings: Single-engine land, multi-engine land… instrument! Instrument=able to file IFR flight plans, fly by reference to instruments in adverse wx … … when you can’t see where you’re going!

3. More flying on instruments Better handling, monitoring Traffic advisories, sequencing and separation service Inflight wx info from CWSUs Greater need for pre- and inflight wx Safer, but much more demanding With Internet, more reliance on self- briefing

4. Approach-avoidance Seems too abstract Similar to pilot-doctor adversarial relationship Only 8 weather-related questions on written private pilot test Can miss them all, and still pass! WX EDUCATION

5. Dry adiabatic lapse rate Moist adiabatic lapse rate Coriolis force Skew-T log-P Conditional instability SLEEP-INDUCING TERMS

6. How much weather flying? 503,740 = total pilot population 309,865 = instrument-rated pilots Ergo, 62% of all pilots

7. IFR TOWER OPS

8. Briefing strategies, old-school Call FAA-employed weather briefer 1/800/WX-BRIEF Standard, Abbreviated, Outlook briefings Difax “Ring-through” to NWS meteorologists

9. Briefing stragegies, “New school” FAA subcontracts briefing services to Lockheed-Martin, 2006 Teething problems! 58 Flight Service stations before …. 3 automated stations now (Leesburg, DFW, Prescott AZ) Retirements and new briefers; no local experience

10. Briefing strategies, “New school” Internet-driven Many, many websites Contact FSS to update and file flight plan only! L-M poor reception

11. Modern online briefing ADDS Fltplan.com AOPA internet flight planner Unisys WSI, other private wx suppliers DUAT New experimental products

12. WSI https://www.pilotbrief.com/ Interactive overlays Route-specific Video synoptics

13. Cg/vis/wx graphical grids Mouseover function Goes out 12 hours Many elements presented Hourly forecast conditions Ceiling and visibility Only at selected WSFOs …. now

14. Grids, cont’d http://www.weather.gov/gsp Click on a city Scroll down to “Hourly weather graph” Add cg and vis to meteogram elements

15. Cg/vis/temp/winds graphical grids

16. ADDS: “old” Airmet

17. ADDS: G-Airmet

18. ADDS: CIP

19. ADDS: FIP

20. ADDS: Convective Sigmets

21. ADDS: CCFP

22. ADDS: NCWF

23. Problem! The following, alone, are “not for use” by pilots: CCFP (for meteorologists and dispatchers) CIP/FIP (it’s “supplementary”) G-Airmet (it’s not yet operational)

24. Datalink: Wx in the cockpit

25. …. Even via handheld GPS units

26. Summing up Self-briefing= Need for online education FSS wx analysis being bypassed Make experimental products operational Push gridded graphical forecasts 30-hour TAFs at every station Last but not least: Fix Lockheed-Martin problems