1. Intro to Animals

3. Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods

4. Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones: Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

5. Characteristics of ALL Animals: 1.Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles 2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms 3. Are ____________________ made of many cells 4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs EUKARYOTES HETEROTROPHIC MULTICELLULAR SPECIALIZATION

6. Characteristics of ALL Animals: (cont) 5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger 6.Contain _____________ which carries the genetic code 7. ____________________ Make offspring Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual) MOVE REPRODUCE DNA

7. The 10 Body Systems :

8. 10 Body Systems : (cont) 1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers) INTEGUMENTARY Covers and protects, ID, prevents heat & water loss

9. 10 Body Systems : (cont) 2. _________________ Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste DIGESTIVE

10. NO OPENINGS: Food enters through skin

11. Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening

12. Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS) Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif

13. Two openings: Most efficient If food flows only in one direction, it allows for organ specialization. (Different parts can start to do different jobs)

14. 10 Body Systems : (cont) 3. __________________ Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______ CIRCULATORY CLOSED OPEN

15. 10 Body Systems : (cont) 4. ___________________ RESPIRATORY Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif Exchange gases with the environment take in oxygen get rid of waste gases (CO 2 &/or ammonia)

16. 10 Body Systems : (cont) 5. ___________________ Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells Help with HOMEOSTASIS (balance) by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________________) EXCRETORY OSMOREGULATION

17. 10 Body Systems : (cont) 6. ___________________ Framework to support body/protection Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _______________ SKELETAL ENDOSKELETON EXOSKELETON

18. 10 Body Systems : (cont) 7. _______________ Locomotion- move body itself OR move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels) MUSCULAR

19. 10 Body Systems : (cont) 8. _____________________ - Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________ REPRODUCTIVE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________

20. Sperm and egg join outside female’s body = ___________________ Sperm and egg join inside female’s body = ____________________ External fertilization Internal fertilization

21. 9. ___________________ Receive sensory info about environment & send response signals NERVOUS 10 Body Systems : (cont)

22. 10. __________________ Make hormones that regulate other body systems (only in higher animals) ENDOCRINE 10 Body Systems : (cont)

23. Kinds of Symmetry No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry

24. ___________________ No symmetry Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves. ASYMMETRY Image from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm

25. _______ Symmetry Get more than 2 identical halves in several directions. Radial

26. ___________ Symmetry If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images BUT only divides equally in ONE direction Bilateral

27. EMBRYOLOGY Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml

28. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system

29. 1.Where does the BLASTOPORE end up? Protostomes Deuterostomes EMBRYOLOGY - cont

30. ANIMALS Blastopore becomes MOUTH Blastopore becomes ANUS ALL INVERTEBRATES except ECHINODERMS ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals) plus ECHINODERMS PROTOSTOMESDEUTEROSTOMES EMBRYOLOGY - cont

31. EMBRYOLOGY ________________ are the “exception to the rule”! They are INVERTEBRATES but their embryos act like _________________________ Echinoderms DEUTEROSTOMES EMBRYOLOGY - cont

32. All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their embryos. Endoderm:Digestive system, respiratory Mesoderm: Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Ectoderm:Outer skin, brain, nervous system EMBRYOLOGY - cont GERM LAYERS

33. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) No cavity (space) around organs 1. ACOELOM = “without space”

34. FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

35. Types of Coeloms (cont) Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm 2. PSEUDOCOELOM

36. ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!

37. EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm 3. EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM Types of Coeloms (cont)

38. EUCOELOMATES ALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES

39. 3 Types of Coeloms ectoderm mesoderm endoderm ACOELOM PSEUDOCOELOM EUCOELOM

40. Advantages of having a COELOM (body space): In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells Provides space for internal organs

41. Which way is up? ANTERIOR head end POSTERIOR tail end DORSAL (top) VENTRAL (underneath) CAUDAL (tail)

42. Aboral Plantar Away from the mouth in organisms with no distinct front or back sides.

43. ________________ Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area) CEPHALIZATION