2. Intro to Animals (EUMETAZOA) Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html

3. Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes spongesjellyfishflatworms roundworms Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinoderm mollusks multicellularity Ancestral Protist tissues bilateral symmetry body cavity segmentation Animal Evolution eucoelom starfishvertebrates endoskeleton segmented worms insects spiders backbone Diagram from slide show by Kim Foglia

4. Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods

5. Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

6. LIFE ON EARTH Image from: http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/pages/graph.html

7. Characteristics of ALL Animals: 1.Eukaryotic 2. Heterotrophic 3.Multicellular/differentiated cells 4.Cells have NO cell walls 5. Movement 6. Reproduction (Most sexual)

8. Body Systems : _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers) INTEGUMENTARY Covers and protects, ID, prevents heat & water loss Orangutan image from: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.php Fish image from:http://www.woodburning.com/fish/ Frog image from: http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~mmorley/rainbow/green%20frog.jpg Cardinal image from: http://www.nps.gov/fopu/pulaskione/GRAPHIC/IMAGES/birds/Northern%20Cardinal.jpg

9. Body Systems : _________________ Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste DIGESTIVE Image from: http://infozone.imcpl.org/kids_diges.htm

10. NO OPENINGS: Food enters through cell surface EX: tapeworm EX: sponges Sponge images from Animals slide show by Kim Foglia @ http://www.explorebiology.com Image by Riedell http://www.tape-worm.info/

11. ONE OPENING combined digestive/circulatory space = GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening Images from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif http://contanatura.weblog.com.pt/arquivo/2005/09/imortalidade_pr.html http://www.explorebiology.com EX: jellyfish, hydra, planaria

12. TWO OPENINGS: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS) Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif

13. Two openings: Most efficient If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization (Different parts can start to do different jobs) Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif

14. Body Systems : __________________ Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______ CIRCULATORY CLOSED OPEN Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif

15. IMMUNE SYSTEM http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14X28.jpg Protection against “foreign invaders” http://www.biology.arizona.edu/IMMUNOLOGY/tutorials/antibody/structure.html

16. Body Systems : ___________________ RESPIRATORY Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif Exchange gases with the environment take in oxygen remove waste gases (CO 2 &/or ammonia )

17. GAS EXCHANGE THROUGH SKIN BOOK LUNGS TRACHEA & SPIRACLES http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/InvertZoo/LecArthropod/SpiderX.jpg

18. GILLS LUNGS http://www.ciggyfree.com/cigblog/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/lungs.gif trachea anterior air sacs lung posterior air sacs

19. BREATHING WITH LUNGS Positive pressure Air pushed into lungs Negative pressure Air pulled into lungs (diaphragm)

20. UNIQUE BIRD LUNGS Animation from: http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm/birds AIRS SACS ATTACHEDTO LUNGS ALLOW OXYGEN IN LUNGS on the INHALE and on the EXHALE

21. Body Systems : ___________________ Collect and remove nitrogen waste made by cells Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________________) EXCRETORY OSMOREGULATION

22. NITROGEN WASTE : _________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY Needs MOST water to dilute ______________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs less water to dilute than ammonia) ______________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute) AMMONIA UREA URIC ACID

23. NITROGEN WASTE http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/nitrowaste.JPG

24. ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME! DIGESTIVE WASTE NITROGEN WASTE WHERE IT’S MADE? Body system used? In what form? made by cells from break down of proteins & nucleic acids Handled by excretory system ammonia, urea, or uric acid (waste + water = urine) Feces (poop) left over from undigested food Handled by digestive system

25. NEPHRIDIA MALPIGHIAN TUBULES FLAME CELLS KIDNEYS http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/InvertZoo/LecArthropod/SpiderX.jpg http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/Faculty/Farabee/BIOBK/insectexcret_1.gif http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio/review/excretory.html

26. Body Systems : ___________________ Framework to support body/protection Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _______________ SKELETAL ENDOSKELETON EXOSKELETON Walking skeleton image from: http://virtualastronaut.jsc.nasa.gov/textonly/act15/text-skeletonpuz.html Insect lefg image from:http://www.zoobooks.com/newFrontPage/animals/virtualZoo/animals/i/insects/images/exoskeleton.gif

27. Body Systems : _______________ Locomotion- move body itself OR move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels) MUSCULAR Image from: http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/muscles_noSW.html http://www.angliacampus.com/public/sec/science/nutriton/images/peristal.gif

28. Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_______________________ Body Systems : _____________________ - Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________ REPRODUCTIVE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm

29. REPRODUCTIVE ______________ DEVELOPMENT immature LARVA looks different than adult __________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults INDIRECT DIRECT Metamorphosis image from: http://www.lincoln.midcoast.com/~del/butterfly Frog image from: http://www.animationlibrary.co Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

30. Sperm and egg join outside female’s body = ___________________ Sperm and egg join inside female’s body = ____________________ External fertilization Internal fertilization Animation from: http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/f/fertilization/support.gif

31. ___________________ Receive sensory info about environment & send response signals NERVOUS http://www.roadhunter.com/~ceph/gallery/anatomy07.jpg

32. __________________ Make hormones that regulate other body systems ENDOCRINE Image from: http://www.cushings-help.com/images/endocrine.jpg

33. Kinds of Symmetry Asymmetry Radial Bilateral Images from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Animals/Symmetry.htm

34. DORSAL POSTERIOR VENTRAL ANTERIOR Animation from: http://bestanimations.com

35. ________________ Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area) First seen in Platyhelminthes (flat worms) Associated with bilateral symmetry Efficient response to stimulus Sense organs encounter environment first CEPHALIZATION

36. EMBRYOLOGY Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml 1.Where does BLASTOPORE end up? 2.What do embryos look like as they divide? 3.When do cells decide what they will be?

37. Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system

38. 1.Where does BLASTOPORE end up? Images modified from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

39. What do embryos look like as they divide? Images from: http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/so28_04.gif SPIRALRADIAL CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE

40. When do cells decide what they will become? Image from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg

41. Images modified from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg Cells decide early Cells decide later Removing cell causes death Removing cell OK DETERMINATE INDETERMINATE

42. THAT’S WHERE TWINS COME FROM ! DIZYGOTIC TWINS (Fraternal twins) DIFFERENT DNA MONOZYGOTIC TWINS (Maternal twins) Identical DNA ONLY Deuterostomes can have identical twins!

43. ANIMALS (Triploblastic) Blastopore becomes MOUTH Blastopore becomes ANUS Decide very early (DETERMINATE) Decide later (INDETERMINATE) MOST INVERTEBRATES except ECHINODERMS ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals) plus ECHINODERMS SPIRAL cleavage RADIAL cleavage PROTOSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES

44. “Exception to the rule” ECHINODERMS ARE THE ONLY INVERTEBRATE DEUTEROSTOMES Image from: http://www.bsac21.freeserve.co.uk/images/Critters/Starfish%20Bloody%20Henry.JPG Porifera and Cnidarians have only TWO germ layers Not considered PROTOSTOMES http://z.about.com/d/healing/1/0/Y/O/gtotem_jellyfish.jpg http://my3boysandi.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/spongebob_1.jpg

45. BODY PLAN INVERTEBRATES Dorsal heart Ventral nerve cord VERTEBRATES Ventral heart Dorsal nerve cord http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/biodidac/crus001and2b.gif/small.jpg

46. Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm GASTRULATION- cells move inward overlip of blastopore THREE germ layers form Becomes digestive system

47. All animals have 3 germ layers = TRIPLOBLASTIC Except: sponges, jellyfish, anemones = DIPLOBLASTIC Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Digestive system, respiratory Outer skin, brain, nervous system

48. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) No cavity (space) around organs Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm ACOELOM = “without space”

49. FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

50. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm PSEUDOCOELOM

51. ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!

52. Kinds of Coeloms (See-Lums) EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

53. EUCOELOMATES ALL VERTEBRATES & MOST INVERTEBRATES

54. 3 Types of Coeloms ectoderm mesoderm endoderm Image from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg ACOELOM PSEUDOCOELOM EUCOELOM

55. FUNCTIONS of having a COELOM (body space): In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells Provides space/cushion internal organs

56. ADVANTAGE OF a EUCOELOM? Digestive organ muscles and body wall muscles come from MESODERM in different places so organism can digest food and move at same time. Images from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Images/Animal_Images/coelomate.gif

57. ECTOTHERMIC ADVANTAGES: Slow metabolism means you can survive on 1/10 the food as a same size endotherm DISADVANTAGES: Can’t to live in extremely cold places (NO reptiles in Arctic) Can’t keep up max activity level for long

58. Endothermic “warm-blooded” Create own body heat FAST metabolism allows for: high activity for extended time ability to live in variety of environments EX: Birds, Mammals

59. SOURCES Crab from: http://www.gifs.net Ant from: http://www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk Clam from: http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm Anemone from: http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/children/animals/cnidaria.gif Snail from: http://www.lucinda.net/surber/graphics/orlovsky.gif

60. Starfish from: http://www.gifs.net Millipede from: http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/sirrobhitch.suffolk/key/images/invertebrates/millipede.jpg Jellyfish from: http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/jellie75.jpg

61. Turtle: http://www.50birds.com/images/endttboxturtle.jpg Tree frog: http://www.dynamicearth.co.uk/education/images/tree_frog.jpg Bird: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm Orangutan: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.php Fish from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/trimethylamine/fish.gif

62. Earthworm : http://www.york.ac.uk/org/ciec/CaringfortheEnvironment.29. 4.03/Exxon/Food%20Chain%20images/ExxonPicsLarge/Earthworms.jpg Crab from: http://www.animation-station.com/fish/index.php?page=2 Snail from: http://www.lucinda.net/surber/graphics/orlovsky.gif Starfish from: http://www.gifs.net

63. All images on this page from: http://www.seaworld.org/AnimalBytes/animal_bytes.html