1. ABBREVIATIONS, FOOD WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

2. Abbreviations
Teaspoon = tsp or t or Tsp
Measuring spoons

3. Tablespoon = Tbsp or T

4. Dry ingredients vs Liquids
Cup(s) = c
Dry (ingredients) measuring cups and Liquid measuring cup

5. Pint = pt

6. Quart = qt

7. Gallon = gal

8. Did you know? 16 oz = 1 lb
Ounce = oz
I ounce cheese
= 4 dice

9. Liquid measuring cups measure fluids.
Did you know? 8 fl oz = 1 cup
Fluid ounce = fl oz
1 fl oz of honey
Liquid measuring cups measure fluids.

10. = 4 lbs sugar
Pound = lb or #
1 lb of butter or
4 sticks

11. All of these mean the same:
A pinch or dash = (no abbrev) less than 1/8 t
Speck = sp or spk
Few grains = fg
A pinch, dash,
speck or few grains
is a very little bit!

12. Square = sq

13. Inch = in
Where is 1/8th of an
INCH?

14. Time
Hour = hr
Minute = min

15. What food is measured with which measuring tools?

16. Equivalents 1 teaspoon = 60 drops 3 teaspoons = 1 Tablespoon
3 tsp = 1 Tbsp
Tablespoon

17. 16 ounces = 1 pound
1 Cup = 1/2 pint or 8 fluid ounces

18. 8 ounces = 1 cup

19. 2 cups = 1 pint
2 pints = 1 quart

20. 4 cups = 1 quart
4 quarts = 1 gallon

21. 8 quarts or 2 gallons = 1 peck 4 pecks = 1 bushel

22. Sticks of Butter, Margarine or Shortening Equivalents:
1/2 stick = 1/4 cup
1 stick = 1/2 cup
2 sticks = 1 cup
4 sticks = 2 c or 1 lb

23. How many? How many teaspoons in one tablespoon? 3 tsp = 1 Tbsp
How many cups in one pint?
2 c = 1 pt
How many pounds of butter are found in 2 cups?
1 lb of butter = 2 c
How many T in one fl oz?
2 T = 1 fl oz

24. How many T in 1/4 cup?
4 T = 1/4 c
How many T and t in 1/3 cup?
5 1/3 T or 5 T + 1 t = 1/3 c
How many T in 1/2 cup?
8 T = 1/2 c
How many T in one cup?
16 T = 1 c

25. How many cups to a pint?
2 c = 1 pt
How many pints to a quart?
2 pt = 1 qt
How many qt to a gal?
4 qt = 1 gal
How many cups in a gal?
16 c = 1 gal
How many fluid ounces in a cup?
8 oz = 1 cup

26. Making Cooking A Bit Easier:
2 Tbsp of fat = 1 oz
1 lb of butter = 2 c or 4 sticks
1 c buttermilk = 1 c sweet milk + 1 T lemon juice or vinegar (to sour)
1 c buttermilk = 2/3 c plain yogurt (to sour) + 1/3 c sweet milk
2 c of granulated (white) sugar = 1 lb
4 oz cheese = 1 c

27. Herbs: 1 T fresh = 1 t dried 1 clove garlic = 1/8 t garlic powder
1 T dried onion = 1 small fresh onion
1 T prepared mustard = 1 t dried mustard
1/2 t Tabasco = 1/8 t red pepper flakes or dash of cayenne (red) pepper

28. To thicken a food dish.
1 T cornstarch = 2 T flour

29. Flour Basics: 4 c all purpose flour = 1 lb
4-1/2 c cake flour, sifted = 1 lb

30. Pasta, Rice, & Grains
3 c uncooked egg noodles = 3-1/2 c cooked noodles
1 c uncooked macaroni = 2 c cooked macaroni
8 oz uncooked spaghetti = 4 c cooked spaghetti
1 c long grain rice = 3 to 3-1/2 c cooked rice
1 c instant rice = 2 c cooked rice
1 c dry beans = 2-1/4 c cooked beans
1 c quick oats, dry = 1-3/4 c cooked oatmeal

31. How do you TEST for Doneness?
Cakes?
1. toothpick inserted in center is clean or a few crumbs stick
2. cake pulls away from the pan

32. Pancakes?
The bubbles pop and it is ready to flip.

33. Yeast Bread dough? The ripe test!
First rise ripe test: insert 2 fingers into dough and if they remain, punch the dough and it is ready for the 2nd rise.

34. Second rise ripe test: touch the side of the dough lightly with your fingertip. If the indentation remains, the loaf is ripe and ready for the oven. 

35. Rice?
If cooked according to the package directions, rice will be soft, not crunchy and there is no water in the pan!

36. Spaghetti pasta?
If cooked according to the package directions, the pasta will be soft, not crunch or al dente.
In the culinary arts, the expression al dente refers to the degree of doneness of properly cooked pasta or “to the tooth." When cooked al dente, pasta should be tender but still firm to the bite.

37. Baked potatoes, simmered potatoes?
Soft when inserted with a fork.

38. Baked bread?
Pound lightly, sounds hollow.

39. Baked (yeast) rolls?
color

40. Biscuits (quick breads)?
Color and bottom of biscuits will be brown.

41. Cookies?
Recipes will give a detailed description of the final product.
Example from a Sugar Cookie Recipe
. . . bake in preheated about 15 minutes or until tops are slightly crackled and sides are set (do not let edges brown). Transfer cookies to wire racks and let cool. Makes about 60 cookies.

42. Directions: Using the back of the practice sheet, complete the following:
1. Draw a stick of butter or margarine and label the front: 1 through 8 Tbsp, 1/4 cup and 1/2 cup.
2. Draw 3 tsp equaling 1Tbsp.
3. Draw a liquid measuring cup (spout) and label 1/2 cup, 1 cup and 8 fl oz.
4. Draw a scale and record the words: to measure ounces and pounds.
4. Complete the front of the worksheet.