1. Android Middleware
Bo Pang

2. Android System Architecture
Source: Google

3. overview Linux Kernel: memory management, process
management, networking, and other operating system services.
Native Libraries: written in C or C++, including: Surface Manager, 2D and 3D graphics, Media codes, SQL database, Browser engine, etc. only to be called by higher level programs

4. overview
Android Runtime: including the Dalvik virtual machine and the core Java libraries. (not J2SE/J2ME)
Application Framework: Activity manager, Content providers, Resource manager, Notification manager
Applications and Widgets: the real programs display information and interact with users.

5. Media Framework
Android use OpenCore as core component of Media framework
OpenCore supports MP3, AAC, AAC+, 3GPP, MPEG-4 and JPEG,

6. Media Framework

7. Media Framework Example: MediaPlayer mp = new MediaPlayer();
  mp.setDataSource(PATH_TO_FILE);
   mp.prepare();
   mp.start();

8. Media Framework OpenCore lib has a C/S Architecture.
MediaPlayer invoke JNI to manipulate client.
The client request to the server to control hardwares.

9. Media Framework

10. Media Framework

11. Activity Manager
each user interface screen is represented by an Activity class.
Each activity has its own life cycle.
Activity uses Intent object to jump between them.

12. Life cycle of activity
Source: Hello Adroid

13. Intent and Intent filters
Intent activates activities, services, and broadcast receivers.
Intent can be used in explicit way or implicit way.
The implicit way depends on parameters: Action, Data(url and MIME type) , Category

14. Intent and Intent filters
To receive other components' request, components’ need to register filters at activities framework.
When launch a intent object, framework will match and find the qualified components and leave them for users to choose which to run.

15. Intent and Intent filters
Example
<intent-filter>                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.EDIT" />                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.PICK" />                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />                 <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.google.note" />             </intent-filter>

16. Activities and Tasks
A task is a stack which contain several activities share the same affinity.
Source:

17. Activities and Tasks
There are four different launch modes that can be assigned to an <activity> element's launchMode attribute:
"standard" (the default mode) "singleTop" "singleTask" "singleInstance"
First two share the same affinity with application, the others don’t.

18. Content manager Manage data Client+server architecture.
Content Resolver provides API interface for applications.
Content Providers is the server managing the DB tables and database content with different application.

19. Content manager URI identifies the data or the table
A: Standard prefix indicating that the data is controlled by a content provider.
B: The authority part of the URI; it identifies the content provider.
C: The path that the content provider uses to determine what kind of data is being requested.
D: The ID of the specific record being requested.
Source: Google

20. Service Lifecycle

21. Security and permissions
security between applications and the system is enforced at the process level through standard Linux facilities
Application can't disrupt other applications, except by explicitly declaring the permissions it
Each Android package is given its own unique Linux user ID

22. References