2. heterogeneous mixture
Class Starter
Use a concept map and/ or drawings to show your understanding of the following terms relating to the material world.
matter
mixture
atom
molecule
heterogeneous mixture
pure substance
compound
homogeneous mixture
element

3. What is MATTER?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
These particles are constantly moving, they are never stable.
This is known as the particle theory of matter

4. What is an ATOM? An atom is the smallest particle of matter.
Atoms are composed of subatomic particles:
protons (+)
neutrons (neutral)
electrons (-)

5. All about ATOMS
Atoms rarely exist alone in nature, instead they combine with other atoms to form MOLECULES.
Molecules consist of atoms bonded together by chemical forces.
Example: Water (H2O)

6. Complex Molecules

7. What is the difference between…
a pure substance, heterogeneous mixture and homogeneous mixture?
Pure Substance
Homonegenous Mixture
Heterogenous Mixture

8. Pure Substances
There are two types of pure substances, elements and compounds.
An ELEMENT is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions.
IT IS COMPOSED OF ONLY 1 TYPE OF ATOM!
Examples: gold, carbon

9. Gold

10. Elements Each element is represented by a symbol:
the first letter is always a capital
if there is a 2nd or 3rd letter it will always be lower-case.
There are over 100 elements known to man but only 25 of them are essential to life
carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) alone make up 96% of all the matter on Earth

11. Periodic Table

12. Pure Substances
A COMPOUND is a chemical substance of two or more different chemically bonded (attached) elements.
It consists
of more than 1 type of atom
Example: salt (NaCl)

13. What is a MIXTURE?
A mixture is any substance that contains at least 2 different types of substances or particles.
There are two types of mixtures:
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous

14. Heterogeneous Mixtures
You can visibly see the 2 particles.
ex: vegetable soup, granite
The substances can be separated physically (mechanically).

15. Homogenous Mixtures The substances can be separated chemically
You cannot visibly distinguish the two particles.
ex: apple juice, tap water
The substances can be separated chemically

16. Homogenous Mixtures
A solution is homogeneous mixtures in the liquid phase.
A colloid is homogeneous mixtures in which the substances that compose it can be distinguished using a microscope.