1. Ankle Anatomy Review Mr. Brewer

2. Terminology Distal – Further away from the core of the body. Proximal – Closer to the core of the body. Lateral- Away from the midline of the body, peripherally. Medial- Towards the midline of the body. Anterior- In the front of the body. Posterior- The back of the body. Superficial – Closer to the surface of the body (skin) Deep- Towards the inside of the body. (Bones) Plantar- The bottom aspect of foot. (The sole) Dorsal- The top surface an anatomical part, usually the foot. Can be the back of a person when lying in the prone position. (Dorsal Fin). Eversion – Moving away from the midline of the body. Inversion – Moving towards the midline of the body.

3. Terminonlogy Distal vs. Proximal: – Ankle vs. Knee – Phalanges vs. Metatarsals – Metatarsals vs. Tarsals – Tib/Fib bones vs. Tarsal bones – Cuboid vs. Calcaneous – Talus vs. Calcaneous

4. Terminology Anterior vs. Posterior – Name the most Posterior muscle in the lower leg. – Name the most Anterior muscle in the lower leg. – Anywhere on the human body: _________________ is more anterior than __________________. _________________ is more posterior than _________________.

5. Terminology Medial vs. Lateral – Name the lateral muscles of the lower leg. (group) – What bone is considered more medial, 1 st or 5 th metatarsal? – Which bone in the lower leg is lateral?

6. Bones

7. Know all the bones of the foot. Phalanges – toes – Only 2 for big toe (Hallux) – 3 phalanges for each of the 4 lateral toes. Metatarsals – 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd 4 th and 5 th Tarsals – Cuneiforms, Cuboid, Navicular, Calcaneus and Talus. Lower Leg Bones – Fibula and Tibia. – Which bone bears more weight?

8. Ligaments List the lateral ligaments of the ankle from anterior to posterior. What is the name of the medial ankle ligament? What are the two ligaments, that hold the bones of the lower leg together at the distal portion?

9. Ligaments PTF CF ATF

10. Arches What arch extends from medial to lateral on the mid-foot where the Tarsal Bones and Metatarsals come together? Which of the two longitudinal arches is typically higher?

11. Arches

12. Muscles What muscles are responsible for the following movements? -Eversion? -Inversion? -Dorsi-Flexion? -Plantar-Flexion? -Toe Flexion? -Toe Extension?

13. Muscles Eversion – Peroneals(Longus, Brevis and Tertius) Inversion – Tibialis Posterior Dorsi-Flexion – Tibialis Anterior Plantar-Flexion – Gastrocnemius and Soleus Toe Flexion – Flexor Digitorum and Flexor Hallucis Toe Extension – Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Hallucis.

14. Muscles