1. Anatomical Terminology

2. Anatomical Position Arms down by side Palms up Head and eyes forward
Legs parallel, feet together

3. Coronal/Sagittal/Transverse Planes
Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)
Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane)
Transverse Plane (Axial Plane)

4. Coronal Plane aka Frontal Plane
Vertical plane running from side to side
Divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions

5. Sagittal Plane aka Lateral Plane
vertical plane running from front to back
Divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides

6. Transverse Plane aka Axial Plane Horizontal plane
Divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts

7. Anterior/Posterior
Anterior—to be situated near or toward the front of the body
Posterior--to be situated toward the back of the body

8. Superior/Inferior Cranial/Caudal
Superior—means to be situated toward the upper part or head of the body, positioned above another organ or structure
Inferior—to be situated toward the lower part of the body or positioned below another organ or structure
Cranial—refers to the head end
Caudal—refers to the tail end

9. Superior/Inferior Cranial/Caudal

10. Medial/Lateral
Medial—to be closer to the midline of the body or a structure, being internal as opposed to external
Lateral—to be farther away, in the direction of either side, from the midline of the body or a structure

11. Proximal/Distal
Proximal: Toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part
Distal: Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a part

15. Avascular
Without blood circulation

16. Ectopic Occurring in an abnormal position or place
Ectopic pregnancy=a complication of pregnancy in which the pregnancy implants outside the uterine cavity
Ectopic kidney=not located in the usual position

17. Unilateral/Bilateral
Unilateral—on one side
Bilateral—on both sides

18. Acute/Chronic
Acute—symptoms appear and change/worsen rapidly (heart attack)
Chronic—develops and worsens over an extended period of time (atherosclerosis)
Atherosclerosis: a common arterial disease in which raised areas of degeneration and cholesterol deposits plaques form on the inner surfaces of the arteries obstructing blood flow

19. Ipsilateral/Contralateral
Ipsilateral—on the same side as another structure
i.e. the left arm is ipsilateral to the left leg.
Contralateral—on the opposite from another structure
i.e. the left arm is contralateral to the right arm, or the right leg.

20. Superficial/Intermediate/Deep
Superficial—near the outer surface of the body
i.e. skin is superficial to the muscle layer
Intermediate—between two other structures
i.e. the naval is intermediate to (or intermediate between) the left arm and the contralateral (right) leg.
Deep—further away from the surface of the body
i.e. the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines.

21. Body Cavities Thoracic Cavity Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity
Dorsal Cavity 21

22. Thoracic Cavity Upper ventral, thoracic or chest cavity Contains:
Heart
Lungs
Trachea
Esophagus
Large blood vessels
Nerves
Bound laterally by ribs and the diaphragm caudally

23. Abdominopelvic Cavity
Lower part of ventral cavity
Abdominal:
Gastrointestinal tract
Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Pelvic:
Urogenital system
Rectum 23

24. Dorsal Cavity Smaller of two main cavities Upper portion:
Cranial cavity
Brain
Lower portion:
Vertebral canal contains the spinal cord

25. Flexion/Extension

27. Abduction/Adduction Abduction—moving a body part away from midline
Adduction—moving a body part toward the midline

28. Abduction/Adduction

29. Internal/External Rotation
Internal rotation— rotation towards the center of the body
aka medial rotation
External rotation— rotation away the center of the body
aka lateral rotation

30. Internal/External Rotation

31. Hip Internal Rotation

32. Hand: Dorsal/Plamar

33. Foot: Dorsal/Plantar

34. Supination/Pronation

35. Plantar Flexion/Dorsiflexion

36. Elevation/Depression

37. Inversion/Eversion

38. Superficial/Intermediate/Deep

39. Review Anatomic planes/position Distal Proximal Medial Lateral
Superior
Inferior
Cranial
Caudal
Anterior
Posterior
Acute
Chronic
Pronation
Supination
Inversion
Eversion
Varus
Valgus
Avascular
Ectopic