1. Impact of the Internet of Things on Computer Networks James Byars December 12, 2013 IT422 – Computer Networks Professor Tim Johnson

2. Organization Introduction Internet of Things Computer Network Challenges 6LoWPAN ROLL CoRE Conclusions 2

3. Introduction The Internet of Things will present many challenges to computer networks – Addressing – LLNs – Constrained devices Internet Engineering Task Force and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers addresses challenges 3

4. Organization Introduction Internet of Things Computer Network Challenges 6LoWPAN ROLL CoRE Conclusions 4

5. What is the Internet of Things Everything becomes a connected device – Car tires – Milk carton – Recliner in our living room 5

6. Problems with current computer networks Not built for constrained devices Address space Inefficient in terms of power consumption Scalability 6

7. Organization Introduction Internet of Things Computer Network Challenges 6LoWPAN ROLL CoRE Conclusions 7

8. IPv6 and Smart Devices IPv6 protocol changes – Larger address space 16 bytes (3.4 x 10 ^38) addresses – Larger packet size 1280 bytes – Fragmentation of forwarded packets not allowed Not best option for constrained devices operating over LLNs Currently, vendors are creating proprietary protocols for Smart devices 8

9. Organization Introduction Internet of Things Computer Network Challenges 6LoWPAN ROLL CoRE Conclusions 9

10. IETF Creates 6LoWPAN Working Group Defined 6LoWPAN Adaptation Layer – Allows integration of IPv6 over Wireless Personal Area Networks The result: 10

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12. 6LoWPAN Benefits Supports packet fragmentation and reassembly Allows header compression 127 byte packet size Scalable Easy to deploy Low memory footprint Energy efficient 12

13. Organization Introduction Internet of Things Computer Network Challenges 6LoWPAN ROLL CoRE Conclusions 13

14. ROLL (Routing Over Low-Power Lossy- Networks) Current 802.15.4 MAC protocol for short range communications requires a star network topology RPL created by ROLL (Routing Over Low-Power Lossy-Networks) IETF working group RPL (Routing Protocol Over Low-power Lossy- networks ) defines standard for routing between devices with mesh topology 14

15. RPL Benefits RPL makes efficient use of resources – After each ‘ping’ for new nodes If none are detected – Wait longer before next request If a change is detected – Shorten time between requests 15

16. Organization Introduction Internet of Things Computer Network Challenges 6LoWPAN ROLL CoRE Conclusions 16

17. CoRE (Constrained RESTful Environments) IETF working group responsible for defining CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) CoAP is a data transfer protocol that defines communication between constrained devices – Makes efficient use of limited resources 17

18. CoAP and HTTP CoAP is a subset of HTTP Uses HTTPs REST (Representational State Transfer) paradigm and applies it to constrained devices CoAP uses UPD instead of TCP for packet retransmission 4 byte binary header 1 byte options (extendable to 2 bytes) Makes use of PUT, GET, POST, DELETE Uses HTTP response condes 18

19. CoAP Benefits Can be implemented behind reverse proxy to enable seamless integration between HTTP and CoAP Devices on either side of proxy do not have to know they are transmitting beyond the proxy 19

20. Organization Introduction Internet of Things Computer Network Challenges 6LoWPAN ROLL CoRE Conclusions 20

21. Conclusions IETF has recognized challenges presented by IoT Any/all protocols must be defined knowing it will be operating on constrained devices over LLNs – Must be very efficient in terms of resources All protocols discussed can be implemented over IPv6 networks It will take large amount of effort and standardization, but IoT can be made possible 21

22. Questions? 22