3.  E. coli was the subject of the study  OriC is the start of replication  Terminus is the end of replication

4.  An enzyme that syntheses nucleic acid

5.  A short stretch of DNA or RNA nucleotides hydrogen-bonded to its complementary strand  Starts the DNA replication process  The known primer is called the DNA Primase

6.  DNA Polymerase I ▪ 1 st identified polymerase ▪ Removes repeated DNA primers that are necessary for DNA replication  DNA Polymerase II ▪ Responsible for DNA repair  DNA Polymerase III ▪ Large multi subunit enzymes ▪ Made up of seven proteins ▪ Add successive new nucleotides into the template

7.  Ability to synthesize polynucleotide strands  All requires a primer, a short stretch of DNA or RNA nucleotides hydrogen-bonded to its complementary strand  Synthesize in 5’ to 3’ direction by copying the 3’ to 5’ in the template  Adds new nucleotides to the 3’ OH of a primer

8.  They can also be “Nucleases” (ability to remove nucleotide)  Endonucleases (cuts DNA internally)  Exonucleases (chew away at an end of DNA)  Has a 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity called PROOFREADING FUNCTION

9.  Unzips the DNA molecule in preparation for replication

11.  REPLICATION REPLICATION

12.  Leading Strand  The strand that receives the continues strand (3’ to 5’ direction)  Lagging Strand  The strand of the template DNA double helix that runs from 5’ to 3’. The mode of replication is in discontinuous fashion.

13.  Short stretches of a newly synthesized DNA on a lagging strands  Discovered by Reiji and Tsuneko Okazaki

14.  DNA Primase  Made up of RNA primer complementary to a DNA template  DNA Helicase  An enzyme that opens up the helix of the DNA  DNA Gyrase  An enzyme that can remove the torsional strain introduced by opening the helix

15.  Single-strand binding protein (ssb)  Covers the unwound DNA  DNA pol I  Removes primers with its 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity and then replaces this with DNA  DNA Ligase  Creates a phosphodiester bond between adjacent to the Okazaki fragments

16.  Initiation (Bubble)  Elongation  Termination

17.  Cartoon Cartoon