2. The Spread of Christian Ideas Chapter 10 Section 3

3. The Byzantine Church The Church of Rome survived the fall of the Roman Empire. The Church of Rome survived the fall of the Roman Empire. Under the Pope, the Latin Church in the west became known as the Roman Catholic Church. Under the Pope, the Latin Church in the west became known as the Roman Catholic Church. In the east, Christianity was based on Greek heritage and the Byzantine Church was known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. In the east, Christianity was based on Greek heritage and the Byzantine Church was known as the Eastern Orthodox Church.

4. Byzantine Churches

5. Church and State The leading church official in the Byzantine Empire was the emperor. The leading church official in the Byzantine Empire was the emperor. He chose the patriarch of Constantinople. He chose the patriarch of Constantinople. The Byzantines believed their emperor represented Jesus Christ on Earth. The Byzantines believed their emperor represented Jesus Christ on Earth.

6. Religious Arguments. In the A.D. 700s, a major dispute divided the Church in the Byzantine Empire. In the A.D. 700s, a major dispute divided the Church in the Byzantine Empire. The argument was over the use of icons. Which are pictures or images of Jesus, Mary, or the saints. The argument was over the use of icons. Which are pictures or images of Jesus, Mary, or the saints. Many Byzantines honored icons, while others felt that honoring them was a form of idol worship. Many Byzantines honored icons, while others felt that honoring them was a form of idol worship.

7. Byzantine Icons http://www.mosaic-tile- design.com/malbis- plantation-alabama.htm l

8. Ban of Icons Emperor Leo III ordered that all icons be removed from the churches in A.D. 726. Emperor Leo III ordered that all icons be removed from the churches in A.D. 726. His government officials who carried this out, were known as iconoclasts. His government officials who carried this out, were known as iconoclasts. This dispute over the icons damaged the relationship between the churches of Rome and Constantinople. This dispute over the icons damaged the relationship between the churches of Rome and Constantinople.

9. Conflicts Between the Churches A more serious argument between the churches was how they were to run. A more serious argument between the churches was how they were to run. The pope claimed he was the head of all of the Christian churches. The pope claimed he was the head of all of the Christian churches. The Byzantines did not accept the pope’s claim of authority. They believed the patriarch of Constantinople and the emperor were equal to the pope. The Byzantines did not accept the pope’s claim of authority. They believed the patriarch of Constantinople and the emperor were equal to the pope. Sometimes the churches would even refuse to help each other when attacked by invaders. Sometimes the churches would even refuse to help each other when attacked by invaders.

11. When Italy was invaded, the pope asked for help from a Frankish warrior named Charlemagne. When Italy was invaded, the pope asked for help from a Frankish warrior named Charlemagne. When he drove out the invaders, the pope was so grateful that he crowned Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emperor.” When he drove out the invaders, the pope was so grateful that he crowned Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emperor.” This angered the Byzantines even more. This angered the Byzantines even more.

12. The Schism After centuries of conflicts the pope and the patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each other. After centuries of conflicts the pope and the patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each other. This began the schism or separation of the two most important branches of Christianity. This began the schism or separation of the two most important branches of Christianity. The separation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church lasts even until today. The separation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church lasts even until today.

14. Roman Catholic Church

15. Spread of Christianity After the fall of the Roman Empire, Christianity was spread rapidly into western Europe by After the fall of the Roman Empire, Christianity was spread rapidly into western Europe by new kinds of religious groups new kinds of religious groups that developed. that developed. Men called monks: 1.banded together in religious communities called monasteries. Men called monks: 1.banded together in religious communities called monasteries. 2. tried to live a spiritual life away from the temptations of the world. 2. tried to live a spiritual life away from the temptations of the world.

16. Monks at Work

17. Women soon followed the monks’ example and formed communities of their own. Women soon followed the monks’ example and formed communities of their own. These women were called nuns and lived in convents. These women were called nuns and lived in convents.

18. Rules for Monks A bishop called Basil in the East wrote a list of rules for monks and nuns to live by. This list was known as the Basilian Rule. A bishop called Basil in the East wrote a list of rules for monks and nuns to live by. This list was known as the Basilian Rule.

19. Rules for Monks In the West, another set of rules was followed. In the West, another set of rules was followed. It was written by Benedict and known as the Benedictine Rule. It was written by Benedict and known as the Benedictine Rule. These monks gave up their belongings, lived simply, and spent their time working. These monks gave up their belongings, lived simply, and spent their time working.

20. Christianity Spreads North Two Byzantine monks named Cyril and Methodius helped to spread Christianity to the Slavs, a people of Russia in Eastern Europe. Two Byzantine monks named Cyril and Methodius helped to spread Christianity to the Slavs, a people of Russia in Eastern Europe. Cyril invented an alphabet to help the Slavs understand the Christian message. Cyril invented an alphabet to help the Slavs understand the Christian message. This alphabet is still used today. This alphabet is still used today.

22. Christianity Spreads West In the West, Christian missionaries looked to the islands of Britain and Ireland. In the West, Christian missionaries looked to the islands of Britain and Ireland. A priest named Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland. A priest named Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland. In A.D. 597 Pope Gregory I sent missionaries to England to spread the word of Christianity. In A.D. 597 Pope Gregory I sent missionaries to England to spread the word of Christianity.