1. Using the Input Devices

2. Summary of Previous Lecture Parts of Computer Systems  Computer Hardware Processor, Memory  Software system Application software, system software, utility programs Data User Information Processing cycle

3. Today’s Objectives Identify the five key groups on a standard computer keyboard. Describe the purpose of a mouse and the role it plays in computing. Identify the five essential techniques for using a mouse. Identify three common variants of the mouse. How to reduce stress injuries from computer use

4. The Keyboard

5. A computer keyboard is a hardware device that functions in accordance to the instructions made by the user. It comprises circuits, switches and processors that help in transferring keystroke messages to the computer. Keyboard skill is call Keyboarding. Keyboard connector  Keyboards are generally plugged into the rear of the CPU, on the motherboard, using a purple PS/2 connector, or on USB port.

6. What is Keyboarding? The ability to enter text by using the correct fingers without looking at the keys (also known as touch typing). Having adequate keyboarding skills to enable you to use the computer more effectively and be more productive.

7. The Keyboard In today's technology driven world, everyone is aware about computing and the usage of computer keyboard. We all know that keyboard is an input device that functions in accordance to the instructions of the user. Computer keyboards are used for performing various tasks such as typing on a word processor or text editor, accessing menus and playing games. Though pressing a key corresponds to typing a letter, sign or symbol, it may also represent computer commands. For example, pressing the F5 key is a command for refreshing.

8. A standard computer keyboard has about 80-110 keys. Most keyboards use the QWERTY layout, named for the first six keys in the top row of letters. The Keyboard - Standard Keyboard Layout

9. 5. Cursor-movement keys 4. Modifier keys 3. Function keys 2. Numeric keypad 1. Alphanumeric keys Most keyboards have keys arranged in five groups: The Keyboard - Standard Keyboard Layout

10. Parts of Keyboard

11. Alternate Key Also called ALT key Executes commands with other key(s)

12. Tab Key Moves the cursor/insertion point to a preset position. Used to indent paragraphs or to type columns. Tab

13. Arrow Keys Move the cursor/insertion point in the direction indicated by the arrow on each key

14. Backspace Key Removes (erases) the character to the left of the insertion point. Use the right little finger to operate the key. Backspace

15. Caps Lock Key Used for keying a string of (three or more) all capital letters. Capitalizes all letters when used. If caps lock mode is in use and a letter is keyed while holding down a shift key, a lowercase letter will be keyed.

16. Function Keys Special keys located at the top of the keyboard (F1, F2, F3, F4, etc.) that are used alone or with the CTRL, ALT, and Shift keys to execute software commands

17. Control Key Also called CTRL Executes commands with other key (s)

18. Delete Key Removes (erases) the character to the right of the cursor/insertion point InsertHome Page Up DeleteEnd Page Down

19. Delete vs. Backspace “Hello, my name is Mr. Iqbal.” (The cursor should be on the right side of what I want to remove using Backspace, but the cursor should be on the left side of what I want to remove using Delete.)

20. History Of The Keyboard Sholes and Glidden tried to make the typewrite fast. However, one problem with the typewriters keys (hammer bars used to strike the paper) jammed when the operator typed at any real speed, Later, Christopher Latham Sholes invented what was to become known as the Sholes keyboard: (around 1874) for computing devices. Christopher was known for helping with the typewriters and the QWERTY keyboard.

21. Sholes Keyboard

22. History Of The Keyboard The first keyboard was named the “QWERTY” keyboard, this name came from the top letters in a keyboard. The reason they continued qwerty on the keyboard is because people liked the arrangement on the typewriter and they wanted it to continue the way it was. With that information Christopher made the QWERTY.

23. The Dvorak Keyboard 1936 Dvorak turned his attention to the typewriter. He spent time to analyze the usage model of the QWERTY keyboard. The results of his investigation were that, although the majority of users were right-handed, the existing layout forced the weaker left hand to perform most of the work. Dvorak took the opposite tack to Sholes, and attempted to find the optimal placement for the keys based on letter frequency and human anatomy.  i.e.; he tried to ensure that letters which are commonly typed together would be physically close to each other.

24. The Dvorak Keyboard 1936 The (usually) stronger right hand would perform the bulk of the work, while the left hand would have control of the vowels and the lesser-used characters

25. History Of The Keyboard The reason why Sholes was a success was because his most used letters were spread all over the place, making it easier to type. His was the one we use today and he made his like its made because then the letters that go together are split up and it is good for faster, more efficient typing.

26. Functioning of a Computer Keyboard The keys may vary depending upon the brand and the type of operating system. Nevertheless, the shape, size and spacing of keys are almost same for all keyboards. The working of a computer keyboard can be compared to a miniature computer. Inside the keyboard, there are metallic plate, circuit board (key matrix) and processor, which are responsible for transferring information from the keyboard to the computer. Depending upon the working principle, there are two main types of keys, namely, capacitive and hard- contact. Let's discuss in brief about the functioning of capacitive and hard contact key. The Keyboard - How a Keyboard Works

27. The keyboard controller detects the keystroke. The controller places a scan code in the keyboard buffer, indicating which key was pressed. The keyboard sends the computer an interrupt request, telling the CPU to accept the keystroke. Operating system responds Controller repeats the letter if held When you press a key: The Keyboard - How a Keyboard Works

29. Inside Keyboard

30. Microsoft Windows-compatible keyboards Microsoft has defined three new keys, which are used for shortcuts to certain Windows features. These three new keys are, from left to right:  The left Windows key  The right Windows key  The Application key 3A-30

31. A Microsoft Keyboard 3A-31

32. Different types of a keyboard today Wireless Corded Laptop Gaming (Xbox,Ps3, Etc) Thumb-Size (Phones, PDA’s, Etc.) Numeric Virtual Touch screens

34. What Is a Mouse? The mouse is a pointing device. You use it to move a graphical pointer on the screen. The mouse can be used to issue commands, draw, and perform other types of input tasks. 3A-34

35. History Of a MOUSE The mouse didn’t always look the way it does. When the creator of a mouse, Douglas Engelbart, first made the mouse in 1964 (first prototype), it was a piece of wood with metal wheels inside of it. The first known publication of the term mouse as a pointing device is in Bill English's 1965 publication "Computer-Aided Display Control“.

36. History Of Mice Six years after Engelbart made the mouse they gave it the name of “Mouse” because it had the tail that came out of it to connect to the computer.

37. History Of MOUSE In 1968 Engelbart held a presentation to show he had made the mouse, what it was used for, and why people should use this. Because of this presentation he won an award for a great technology achievement, and he won $500,000. Later he was put into the hall of fame for inventors.

38. History Of MOUSE After Bill’s mouse the next kind of mouse that came out was a mouse that moves from the laser moving to certain new spots, sound familiar? After Bills Prototype mouse it then went to our kinds!

39. The Mouse - Mouse Techniques 1.Pointing; Move the mouse to move the on-screen pointer. 2.Clicking; Press and release the left mouse button once. 3.Double-clicking; Press and release the left mouse button twice. 4.Dragging; Hold down the left mouse button as you move the pointer. 5.Right-clicking; Press and release the right mouse button. Using the mouse involves five techniques:

40. Variant of a Mouse Now a days, we get varieties of mouse with different technologies in the market. Although, we have switched to Touchpads in Laptops, "the function of mouse is easy and user-friendly when compared with touch pads for a new user", says the users. Mostly all the applications are operated with mouse for easy working. In recent days, the optical mouse had overcome the old ball mouse, because of its 'easy to use' function.

41. Variants of the Mouse Trackballs Track pads Integrated Pointed Devices

42. Variants of the Mouse - Trackballs A trackball is like a mouse turned upside-down. Use your thumb to move the exposed ball and your fingers to press the buttons. Many styles of trackball are available.

43. With the ball-rolled Mouse, the movement of the pointer in the computer is decided by the ball inside the mouse. If the ball gets damaged, or if dust gets clustered, the operation of the mouse becomes problem. When dust gathers, it takes some time to clear it too. With these disadvantages, the ball mouse was slowly moved away form the computer technology leaving the optical mouse to fill its space. Disadvantage of a BALL Mouse

44. Variants of the Mouse - Trackpads A trackpad is a touch-sensitive pad that provides the same functionality as a mouse. To use a trackpad, you glide your finger across its surface. Trackpads provide a set of buttons that function like mouse buttons.

46. Variants of the Mouse- Integrated Pointing Devices An integrated pointing device is a small joystick built into the keyboard. To use an integrated pointing device, you move the joystick. These devices provide a set of buttons that function like mouse buttons

48. Other Types of Mouse Optical mouse  Light shown onto mouse pad  Reflection determines speed and direction  Requires little maintenance 3A-48

49. Now, almost everyone tries to switch from ball/roller mouse to Optical mouse. As the cost of the mouse is also being decreasing, the replacement is quiet quicker. To connect this optical mouse, the necessity is PS/2 or USB plug, and windows, Macintosh or LINUX operating system installed in the computer. The main components of the optical mouse are:  Inbuilt optical sensor  High speed camera which can take 1000 pictures at a time  LED Working of Optical Mouse

50. Optical mouses do have an inbuilt optical sensor. The optical sensor reads the movements of the optical mouse (moved by the user) with the help of the light rays which comes out from the bottom. ( The area in which a light glows). When the user moves the optical mouse, the LED (Light Emitting Diode) present inside the mouse emits the light according the minute movements. These movements are send to the camera as light rays. The camera captures the difference in light rays as images. When the camera captures the images, each and every pictures and compared to one another with the digital technology. With the comparison, the speed of the mouse and the direction of the movement of the mouse are rapidly calculated. According to the calculation, the pointer moves on the screen. Working of Optical Mouse

51. Optical Mouse Optical mouse

52. Comparison between a roller/ball mouse and optical mouse The optical mouse does not have any movable parts as of the ball mouse. So, the life of the optical mouse is long compared to the ordinary mouse. The optical mouse can also function good without a mouse pad, which is impossible with ordinary mouses. Any way, optical mouses cannot be used above reflecting glasses or any glass materials. Since the ball is absent in the optical mouse, the weight of the optical mouse is less than that of the ball mouse. The dust clustering problem is abolished in the optical mouse as its parts are all static.

53. Benefits of Mouse Benefits are,  Pointer positioning is fast  Menu interaction is easy  Users can draw electronically 3A-53

54. ERGONOMICS The science of designing equipment and workspace for a comfortable and safe working environment.

55. REPETITIVE STRESS INJURIES Repetitive Stress Injuries can occur when someone performs a task repeatedly causing the build-up of irritating waste products in the muscles. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome  Carpal tunnel is a passage in the wrist  Holds nerves and tendons  Prolonged keyboarding swells tendons  Many professions suffer from RSI

56. CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME WHAT IS CTS? It is the entrapment of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. CTS occurs due to the swelling of the median nerve or the tendons of the wrist. WHAT CAUSES CTS? It occurs from using the computer for hours without proper body posture and improper techniques. WHAT ARE THE SYMTOMS OF CTS? Pain-Tingling-numbness in the thumb, index, and middle fingers—weakness and swelling of the wrist and hand.

57. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 3A-57

58. DeQuervain’s Disease DeQuervain’s Disease is an overuse injury of the thumb extensor tendons. It often occurs from repetitive tapping of the space bar.

59. How Keyboard Cause Injuries? The continuous use of any keyboard may cause serious injuries. It can cause strain to hands, wrists, arms, neck or back. The risks of injuries can be reduced by taking frequent short breaks to get up and walk around a couple of times every hour. The chair height and keyboard tray should be adjusted so that the wrists are straight, and the wrists should not be rested on sharp table edges. 3A-59

60. Keyboard Strain3A-60

61. ERGONOMIC TIPS Top 1/8 of monitor should be at eye level Elbows & knees should be positioned at 90-110 degrees Sit up straight, but relaxed Sit at least 24 inches away from the monitor Wrists should be in a neutral position while typing or using the mouse Take “frequent” breaks Avoid glare on the computer screen

62. Ergonomics and Input Devices Office hardware suggestions  Office chairs should have Adjustable armrests and height Armrests Lower back support  Desks should have Have a keyboard tray Keep hands at keyboard height Place the monitor at eye level 3A-62

63. Correct Position of using a computer system 3A-63

65. Practical

66. Windows Keys Combinations F1: Help CTRL+ESC: Open Start menu ALT+TAB: Switch between open programs ALT+F4: Quit program SHIFT+DELETE: Delete item permanently Windows Logo+L: Lock the computer (without using CTRL+ALT+DELETE)

67. Windows program key combinations CTRL+C: Copy CTRL+X: Cut CTRL+V: Paste CTRL+Z: Undo CTRL+B: Bold CTRL+U: Underline CTRL+I: Italic

68. General keyboard-only commands F1: Starts Windows Help F10: Activates menu bar options SHIFT+F10 Opens a shortcut menu for the selected item (this is the same as right-clicking an object CTRL+ESC: Opens the Start menu (use the ARROW keys to select an item) CTRL+ESC or ESC: Selects the Start button (press TAB to select the taskbar, or press SHIFT+F10 for a context menu)

69. CTRL+SHIFT+ESC: Opens Windows Task Manager ALT+DOWN ARROW: Opens a drop-down list box ALT+TAB: Switch to another running program (hold down the ALT key and then press the TAB key to view the task-switching window) SHIFT: Press and hold down the SHIFT key while you insert a CD-ROM to bypass the automatic-run feature ALT+SPACE: Displays the main window's System menu (from the System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the window) General keyboard-only commands

70. ALT+- (ALT+hyphen): Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu (from the MDI child window's System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the child window) CTRL+TAB: Switch to the next child window of a Multiple Document Interface (MDI) program ALT+underlined letter in menu: Opens the menu General keyboard-only commands

71. ALT+F4: Closes the current window CTRL+F4: Closes the current Multiple Document Interface (MDI) window ALT+F6: Switch between multiple windows in the same program (for example, when the Notepad Find dialog box is displayed, ALT+F6 switches between the Find dialog box and the main Notepad window) General keyboard-only commands

72. General folder/shortcut control F4: Selects the Go To A Different Folder box and moves down the entries in the box (if the toolbar is active in Windows Explorer) F5: Refreshes the current window. F6: Moves among panes in Windows Explorer CTRL+Z: Undo the last command CTRL+A: Select all the items in the current window BACKSPACE: Switch to the parent folder SHIFT+click+Close button: For folders, close the current folder plus all parent folders

73. NOTEPAD – Create New Notepad

74. Save/Save As/ Open/Print Notepad

75. Change Font /Type

76. Summary In Today’s Lecture, we have learnt  Keyboard, history and different styles of modern keyboard  Mouse, Different types of mouse  Ergonomics  Windows Keyboard commands  Notepad practical

77. THE END