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Published bySolomon Henry Modified over 9 years ago
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HIV Basics
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What is HIV? Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◦ Two Strains HIV-1 HIV-2 Kills special blood cells that help fight off infections ◦ CD4+ Virus that can lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
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AIDS Final stage of infection by the HIV virus Defined by the number for CD4+ cells ◦ Absolute count < 200 cells/mL or ◦ If CD4+ cells < 14% total lymphocytes OR Hallmark infections ◦ Examples: Kaposi’s sarcoma, pneumocystis pneumonia
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NOT TRANSMITTED BY: Air or water. Insects, including mosquitoes. ◦ CDC studies say no Saliva, tears, or sweat. ◦ There is no documented case of HIV being transmitted by spitting. Casual contact like shaking hands or sharing dishes. Closed-mouth or “social” kissing.
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Living with HIV/AIDS Worldwide: 34 million
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Living with HIV/AIDS US-1.1 million people Worldwide: 34 million
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Living with HIV/AIDS US-1.1 million people Worldwide: 34 million Washington~ 11,000
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Living with HIV/AIDS US-1.1 million people Worldwide: 34 million Washington~ 11,000 Clark County 456
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Is spread by: Sex ◦ Not all sex has the same risk Exposure to an infected persons blood ◦ Sharing needles & works Mom to Baby ◦ Pregancy, birth, & breastfeeding
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WHAT IF:
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History Where did HIV come from? ◦ Monkeys ◦ Most likely from hunting & handling the meat US Patient Zero Theory ◦ Rumor/unfounded Patient zero was a flight attendant who got AIDS by having sex with a monkey in Africa ◦ Likely part of a group of highly sexually active men who participated in spreading the disease
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Citation:Auerbach,.D.Darrow W, Jaffe, H.Curran, J. Cluster of cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The American Journal of Medicine Volume 76, Issue 3, Pages 487-492AuerbachDarrowJaffeurranVolume 76, Issue 3
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TRENDS IN ANNUAL AGE-ADJUSTED* RATE OF DEATH DUE TO HIV INFECTION BY SEX, UNITED STATES, 1987 − 2009 Note: For comparison with data for 1999 and later years, data for 1987 − 1998 were modified to account for ICD- 10 rules instead of ICD-9 rules. *Standard: age distribution of 2000 US population
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Why Stigma At the Beginning Gay Related Immune Deficiency (GRID) Gay Cancer Initially untreatable and transmission method unknown
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Who gets HIV now? Bring up CDC slide
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HIV infections by risk group http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance /incidence.htm http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance /incidence.htm
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Why Stigma Now? Promiscuous Drug users People who make bad decisions and their partners Race
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HIV infections The new infection rate among blacks/African americans was 7.9 times higher than whites. ◦ 50% of these infections are MSM ◦ Fastest increasing group is black females The new infection rates in Latino/Latinas was 3 times higher ◦ ~70% of these infections are MSM
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US AIDS Spread Map http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/r esources/slides/dot/index.htm
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Is the risk of contracting HIV with all sexual encounters equal?
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Spread & Risk Not using a condom when having sex with a person who has HIV. All unprotected sex with someone who has HIV contains some risk. However: ◦ Unprotected anal sex is riskier than unprotected vaginal sex. ◦ Among men who have sex with other men, unprotected receptive anal sex is riskier than unprotected insertive anal sex.
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Spread & Risk Unprotected oral sex can also be a risk for HIV transmission, but it is a much lower risk than anal or vaginal sex.
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Sex Risk Hierarchy Unprotected Receptive Anal Sex>Unprotected Insertive Anal Sex Unprotected Insertive Anal Sex> Unprotected Vaginal Sex Unprotected Vaginal Sex> Unprotected Oral Sex
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Spread & Risk IDU Sharing ◦ Needles ◦ Syringes ◦ Rinse water, ◦ “Works” other equipment used to prepare illicit drugs for injection.
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CDC, 2002 report
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Spread & Risk Multiple sex partners or the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can increase the risk of infection during sex.
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Spread & Risk Being born to an infected mother—HIV can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding.
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Detection of HIV HIV is detectable in body ◦ 2 weeks to 6 months after infection In US 25 days average
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Testing Primary Testing ◦ Antibody Test Rapid Oral Swab Oral Swab Blood Confirmatory Testing ◦ Western Blot Separates proteins
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HIV Testing and Counseling Trained Professionals This class does NOT prepare you to do this
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So what is your responsibility? Brief Risk Intervention Endangering Behaviors Reporting
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Endangering Behaviors Knowingly exposing other to HIV through behaviors ◦ Sex ◦ Sharing injection drug works, needles
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