1. Wireless Roadside Safety Inspection (WRI) Research Program Arkansas Trucking Association Maintenance & Technology Council Meeting March 11, 2008 Springdale, AR Jeff Loftus Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 202-385-2363 jeff.loftus@dot.gov Steve Keppler Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance 202-775-1623, x106 SteveK@cvsa.orgSteveK@cvsa.org

2. 2 The Problem ► 64 percent of all fatal truck crashes have the “Critical Reason” linked to the truck* ► Drivers with reckless driving violations are 325% more likely to have a future crash than drivers without violations ► Truck numbers & mileage grow each year while roadside safety inspection resources remain constant ► The likelihood of a roadside inspection is far less than a truck being weighed  3 million annual truck inspections with a 73% Violation rate (25% OOS rate)  177 million weigh inspections (staffed & WIM) with 515,587 citations – a 0.29% violation rate – 82 million weigh inspections (staffed) – 95 million weigh inspections (WIM) * Includes both single and multiple-vehicle fatal truck crashes (Source: LTTCS)

3. 3 Daily Truck Volume—2035

4. 4 Opportunities for Technology ► Analysis of historical inspection data reveals that a large portion of significant “defects” are limited to a few items ► With the exception of load-securement, most of the key vehicle and operator condition criteria lend themselves to onboard electronic monitoring and diagnostic assessment Vehicle Violations % Vehicle OOS Violations Brakes41.2% Lighting16.6% Tires9.4% Load Securement 15.7% Total82.9% Driver Violations % Driver OOS Violations Logbook40.0% HOS28.7% CDL19.4% Total88.1%

5. 5 WRI Program Vision & Goal (The Solution) ► Vision  Motor Carrier safety could be improved through dramatic increases in roadside safety inspections due to wireless inspections using proven technologies and processes.  Driver and vehicle safety assessments occur frequently enough to ensure compliance while minimizing disruptions to safe and legal motor carrier transportation. ► Goal  Demonstrate and measure government and industry benefits and costs of a Wireless Roadside Inspection network across a multi-state region to enable a “go/no go” decision for nationwide deployment.

6. 6 Estimated Costs & Benefits* ► Costs  Public sector annual costs of $45M – $76M  Private sector annual costs of $224M – $395M – $533 – $940/vehicle – 420,000 new vehicles equipped per year * Development and Evaluation of Alternative Concepts for Wireless Roadside Truck and Bus Safety Inspections, FMCSA, 2007. http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/facts-research/research- technology/report/wireless-inspection-report.pdfhttp://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/facts-research/research- technology/report/wireless-inspection-report.pdf

7. 7 Benefits Assumptions ► Dramatic Paradigm Shift  Electronic safety checks will be frequent and expected  Number of unsafe CMV drivers and vehicles on road would be reduced  Crashes related to unsafe CMV drivers and vehicle defects would be reduced ► Size & weight program comparison CMV Size & Weight Program CMV Safety Inspection Program Number of Inspections 82M3M Violation Rate 0.63%73%

8. 8 Estimated Benefit-Cost Ratio ANNUAL BENEFITS Annual Lives Saved253 Annual Injuries Prevented6,192 Total Annual Benefits ($)$1.7B ANNUALIZED COSTS Government—Facility, Equipment, IT, Communications Capital Costs (Amortized over 10 years) $22M – $34M Government—Facility, Equipment, IT, Communications O&M Costs$23M – 42M Industry—Annual Incremental CMV Costs (Based on 420,000 units/yr) ($533 - $940/CMV) $224M – $395M Total Annualized Cost$269M – $471M BENEFIT/COST RATIO High – Low6.17:1 – 3.51:1 Average4.84 : 1

9. 9 Additional Motor Carrier Benefits* ► PrePass Pre-clearance Weigh Station bypass system benefits (1997-2007) ► Fleets enrolled in PrePass saved over 10 years  20 million hours in avoided delay  120 million gallons of fuel  $1.1 billion in operational cost savings (assuming $5 per stop) * Source: Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate (HELP), Inc., www.cvo.comwww.cvo.com

10. 10 Program Details ► Demonstration of real-time and automated safety compliance checks Driver data (ID, license status, log info) Truck & bus data (lights, brakes, tires) Slow & highway speeds Fixed & mobile inspection units ► Program Status 2005-6: Proof-of-concept test: successful 2007-9: Pilot test phase Multiple comm. paths Back office integration Interface refinement Draft performance specifications

11. 11 Conceptual Safety Data Message Set (SDMS) Contents Data Bus: SAEJ1708/SAEJ1587, SAEJ1939 Identifiers Driver license jurisdiction and ID Vehicle identification number (VIN) Vehicle state and plate Motor carrier/coach USDOT number Shipping document ID Vehicle Measures Brakes Tire pressure Vehicle position Weight Additional Vehicle Measures or Status Cargo (incl. Hazmat)Collision warningContainer CouplingDriver performanceEmissionsExhaust system Fuel systemSteeringSuspensionTrailer WheelsWipersOther Vehicle Status Lighting Safety belt Electronic On-Board Recorder (EOBR) Data Driver’s Log (Duty Status + Location of Duty Status Change over time)

12. 12 WRI Phase & Schedule Phase I: Concept Development & Verification POC Test  One Location  One Vehicle  Vehicle to Roadside Pilot Test  Corridor  Several Vehicles  Alternate Technologies  Multiple communication technologies  Roadside to Safety Data Phase II: System & Strategy Definition Phase III: Finalize Deployment Strategies & Impacts Field Operational Test  Multi-Corridor/Jurisdiction Fleet  Selected Technologies  Full Network Deploy WRI Program 2006201020082009200720112012 Go / No Go Decision Point

13. 13 WRI Program Next Steps ► Carry out pilot test(s)  Feasibility and capacity of technologies & communications options  User Interfaces and back office processes  Connections to state/federal databases  SDMS creation and use ► Refine Concept of Operations / Architectures ► Explore and understand interdiction strategies ► Update analyses (cost benefit, business case, regulatory impact) ► Outreach and collaborate with stakeholders/partners ► Coordinate/collaborate with other efforts & programs (Compass, CSA 2010, Customs, Homeland Security, etc.)

14. 14 Questions-Discussion ► What diagnostic/fleet management elements should be included in the Safety Data Message Set (SDMS) to give it dual use? ► Are any elements in the SDMS problematic? ► Are there other communication paths / technologies that should be investigated? ► What incentives would help voluntary participation?  Why should fleets provide driver/vehicle-specific data to gov’t?  What should they receive in return?

15. 15 Questions-Discussion ► Are there any barriers/issues that you see to WRI? ► What are key measures you are looking for when determining ROI? ► When you invest in technology/capital expenditures, what is the expected payback period?

16. Thank you! Jeff Loftus Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, D.C. 20590 202-385-2363 phone 202-385-2433 fax jeff.loftus@dot.govjeff.loftus@dot.gov, e-mail www.fmcsa.dot.govwww.fmcsa.dot.gov, URL Steve Keppler Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance 1101 17th Street, NW, Suite 803 Washington, DC 20036 Ph: (202) 775-1623 x106 Cell: (443) 812-1298 Fx: (202) 775-1624 E-mail: SteveK@cvsa.org Url: www.cvsa.orgSteveK@cvsa.orgwww.cvsa.org