1. Chapter 2 BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
HOLT Psychology
4/20/2017
Chapter 2 BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
Section 1: The Nervous System
Section 2: The Brain: Our Control Center
Section 3: The Endocrine System
Section 4: Heredity: Our Genetic Background
Chapter 3

2. Chapter 3
Waterboy

3. Central Nervous System (CNS)
Chapter 3
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Two parts to the CNS
Brain & Spinal Cord

4. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Chapter 3
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The glands, organs, muscles
Basically everything other than the brain and spinal cord

5. Chapter 3
Section 1: The Nervous System
Question: How are messages transmitted by neurons, and what are the functions of the peripheral nervous system?
FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Responsible for transmitting messages between the central nervous system and all part of the body and is made up of the somatic and autonomic nervous system
The somatic nervous system transmits sensory messages to the central nervous system
The autonomic nervous system regulates the body’s vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing

6. MESSAGE TRANSMISSION VIA NEURONS Dendrite – receive neurotransmitters
Chapter 3
Section 1: The Nervous System
Question: How are messages transmitted by neurons, and what are the functions of the peripheral nervous system?
MESSAGE TRANSMISSION VIA NEURONS
Dendrite – receive neurotransmitters
Soma – cell body
Axon – carries signal
Myelin Sheath – protects the axon
Terminal Button – sends neurotransmitters

7. Chapter 3
Section 2: The Brain: Our Control Center
Question: What are the major structures of the brain, and what is the function of each structure?
MAJOR STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN
Hindbrain:
Medulla – breathing/heart-rate (medussa)
Cerebellum – balance (Sarah was awesome on the beam)
Pons – eye movement/sleep/facial expressions/body coordination

8. Chapter 3
Brain
Midbrain:
Reticular formation – arousal/alert

9. Thalamus – relays almost all sensations (Thelma) Does not relay smell
Chapter 3
Brain
Thalamus – relays almost all sensations (Thelma)
Does not relay smell

10. Hypothalamus – hunger/thirst/drives (Hypothermia)
Chapter 3
Limbic System
Hypothalamus – hunger/thirst/drives (Hypothermia)
Amygdala – emotional center (Amy)
Hippocampus –new memory ( I will always remember that hippo on campus)

11. Broca’s Area – motor speech Broca’s Aphasia – “broken speech”
Chapter 3
Brain
Corpus Callosum – connects the two hemispheres – moves info from left to right
Broca’s Area – motor speech
Broca’s Aphasia – “broken speech”
Wernicke’s Area – language comprehension
Wernicke’s Aphasia – speak but not comprehend

12. Cerebral Cortex – “bark” of the brain
Chapter 3
Brain
Cerebral Cortex – “bark” of the brain
The wrinkled gray matter

13. HORMONES AND EFFECT ON THE BODY
Chapter 3
Section 3: The Endocrine System
Question: How do hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system affect the body?
HORMONES AND EFFECT ON THE BODY
Pituitary Gland – responsible for the secretion of many different hormones that affect various aspects of behavior such as the growth hormone
Adrenal Gland – secretes cortical steroids which increase resistance to stress and promote muscle development –(Adrenaline or Epinephrine)

14. HORMONES AND EFFECT ON THE BODY (continued)
Chapter 3
Section 3: The Endocrine System
Question: How do hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system affect the body?
HORMONES AND EFFECT ON THE BODY (continued)
Testes and Ovaries – produce the hormones testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone that play an important role in development, development of primary and secondary sex characteristics and have psychological as well as biological effects

15. THE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF HEREDITY
Chapter 3
Section 4: Heredity: Our Genetic Background
Question: What is the role of chromosomes and genes in heredity, and how do psychologists study the role of heredity in determining traits?
THE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF HEREDITY
Role of heredity in studies through various types of kinship research such as:
A. Twin Studies – a useful way to learn about nature and nurture
B. Adoptee Studies – provide ways of sorting out the effects of nature and nurture
C. Twins Reared Apart – a way of finding out that twins reared apart share many of the same mannerisms despite their separation

16. Chapter 3
Nature v Nurture