1. Identification and Topography

2. External Anatomy

3. Nape (back of neck) Auriculars/Ear Coverts (ear coverings) Lore (between eyes and upper bill) Scapulars (shoulder) Wing Coverts (small feathers that cover base of flight feathers) Primaries (main flight feathers/lowest on wing) Secondaries (second from end of wing) Tail Feathers (Steering) Crown ( top of head ) Forehead Upper Mandible ( upper bill) Lower Mandible ( lower bill ) Throat Breast Abdomen Toes Claws Cere (bumps on upper beak, like parrots )

4. Bill Chin Cheek Throat Breast Flank/Side Belly/Abdomen Tarsus Foot Talon Primary Feathers Under Tail Coverts Topography

5. Tail Feathers Upper Tail Coverts Rump Back Nape Ear Patch or Auricular Crown Eye Eye line, eye stripe, or superciliary Forehead Lore Topography

6. Practice Find the crown. Notice anything?

7. Breast

8. Cere

9. Nape

10. Wing Coverts

11. Birding Basics Video Explanation Birding Basics Video Explanation Size and Shape About 10 min long

12. Birding Basics Video Explanation Birding Basics Video Explanation Color Pattern & Plumage About 10 min long

13. 5 Characteristics used to ID Birds Shape, Size, and Posture Families of birds have different shape and size. They are identifiable by outline alone. This way you will narrow down the number of possible birds. Color, Pattern, and Plumage The marks that distinguish one bird from another are called field marks. These include such things as breast spots, wing bars (thin lines along the wings), eye rings (circles around the eyes), eyebrows (lines over the eyes), eye lines (lines through the eyes) and many others.

14. Size, Shape, Posture

15. Color Pattern / Plumage

16. 5 Characteristics used to ID Birds Behavior Patterns Each bird family and even species can be narrowed down by the behavior displayed Habitat Type Birds have specific habitats. The most obvious are Ducks, and Gulls being water birds. Song and Calls Most birds can be identified by their sound. There are two major types of bird sound. Songs are usually by adult males during nesting or mating season. Calls are used all year long and can be warnings or interactions with other birds.

17. Behavior

18. Birding Basics Video Explanation Birding Basics Video Explanation Behavior About 10 min long

19. Habitat Type

20. Birding Basics Video Explanation Birding Basics Video Explanation Habitat About 10 min long

21. Songs/Calls Songs: Purpose is for males in mating or nesting procedures. Thrush Song Calls: Purpose for warnings and interactions. Used ALL YEAR LONG. Magpie warning a cat

22. There are many different Orders of birds Falconiformes Galliformes Anseriformes Piciformes Psittaciformes Apodiformes Strigiformes Columbiformes Gruiformes Ciconiiformes Passeriformes Pelecaniformes You need to know these ones!

23. Falconiformes Eagles, Hawks, Falcons Feature: Diurnal Birds of Prey

24. Galliformes Turkeys! Quail and Grouse Feature: Fowl-Like and Mostly ground birds

25. Anseriformes Ducks, Geese, and Swans Feature: Water-Fowl Feathered Oil Gland

26. Piciformes Woodpeckers Feature: Zygodactyl feet (2 toes up & 2 back), unique tendons in toes, cavity nesters

27. Psittaciformes Parrots Feature: Heavy, hooked bill & Zygodactyl feet (2 toes up & 2 back)

28. Apodiformes Hummingbirds Feature: Small, short legs & tiny feet. Long, slender bill.

29. Strigiformes Owls Feature: Nocturnal birds of prey

30. Columbiformes Doves and Pigeons Large crop to produce “crop” milk for offspring

31. Gruiformes Cranes Feature: No crop, fly with straight neck

32. Ciconiiformes Storks Feature: Long Leg & Long Neck. Fly with neck in tight “S” shape.

33. Passeriformes Jays, Finches, Crows Feature: Perching Birds, anisodactyl feet (3 toes up & 1 back)

34. Pelecaniformes Pelicans Feature: Gular Sac