1. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario V. Iafolla, E. Fiorenza, C. Lefevre, S. Nozzoli, R. Peron, M. Persichini, A. Reale, F. Santoli Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI/INAF), Roma, Italy ISA on the Moon: an update XCIV Congresso Nazionale SIF Genova, 22-27 Settembre 2008

2. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario Renewed interest for the Moon Nearest body outside Earth Solar System history Outpost for Solar System settlement Quiet place Fundamental physics Photo Apollo 11

3. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario Clementine Lunar Prospector Recent and present missions SMART-1KAGUYA - SELENE

4. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario Lunar Laser Ranging Three retroreflectors arrays were carried on The Moon by Apollo missions and two by Soviet missions Probably the most important scientific contribution from Apollo missions! Selenodesy Lunar rotation General relativity

5. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario Constraints on formation, evolution and present state of the Moon come from: Surface composition Magnetic field Gravitational field Selenoseismology Moon history

6. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario Moon gravity field Spherical harmonics expansion: Resolution 5458 / l km

7. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario Moon gravity field Konopliv et al. (2001) Mascons

8. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario Compare with Earth! Degree variance: Moon gravity field

9. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario There is space for improvement! Moon gravity field

10. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario ISA accelerometer

11. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario ISA accelerometer ISA sensing element ISA pick-up

12. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario ISA accelerometer

13. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario The use of an accelerometer in the lunar environment can be envisaged in at least three ways: Support given to a Radio Science mission (removal of non gravitational perturbations) Gradiometric measurements Selenoseismology Satellite On-ground ISA accelerometer

14. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario ISA accelerometer

15. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario ISA accelerometer

16. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario The mission MAGIA MAGIAMissione Altimetrica Gravimetrica Geochimica lunAre MAGIA (Missione Altimetrica Gravimetrica Geochimica lunAre) is a Moon exploration mission, currently in Phase A (funded by Agenzia Spaziale Italiana) Scientific objectives internal structure gravityfigureDetailed study of the internal structure of the Moon through its gravity and figure polar and subpolar regions morphologymineralogyStudy of the polar and subpolar regions in terms of their morphology and mineralogy lunar exosphere and radioactive environmentStudy of the lunar exosphere and radioactive environment gravitational redshiftImproved measure of the gravitational redshift measurements from a circumlunar platform position of the seleno- centerDetermination of the position of the seleno- center ISA contributio n

17. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario The knowledge of the gravitational field of a celestial body is one of the few ways to constrain its interior structure and composition An analysis of recent lunar gravity field models (from Clementine and Lunar Prospector) shows that their knowledge at high orders can be improved. This implies greater resolution, useful for accurate knowledge of mantle and crust structure and composition The proposed strategy for MAGIA implies use of a GRACE-like configuration with two satellites (the main spacecraft and a subsatellite) optimized for the sougth for spectral range (l 80) rather low orbit Notice that this high resolution implies a rather low orbit for the satellites, thereby enhancing the strength of non-gravitational perturbations like albedo and infrared radiation pressure (and related thermal effects) The mission MAGIA

18. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario The mission MAGIA

19. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario Conclusions We are seeing a renewal of interest and studies on lunar environment Gravitational physics will play an important rôle Fundamental physics is always here! ISA accelerometer can support science in many ways