1. Real-Time Library
TCPnet Networking Suite Flash File System USB and CAN Interfaces RTX Real-Time Kernel

2. Presentation Agenda Overview and Introduction TCPnet Networking Suite
Embedded Connectivity Challenges
Components of the Real-Time Library
TCPnet Networking Suite
Protocols, Applications and TCP/IP Components
Networking examples
Flash File System
Structure and SD Memory Card example
USB Device Interface
Device Driver Classes and HID example
CAN Interface
CAN example
RTX Real-Time Kernel
RTOS Concepts and examples

3. Embedded Connectivity Challenges
Serial Interfaces
Best choice, wide support, easy implementation
CAN & USB Supported
Multiple Devices, Multiple Interfaces
Need support for numerous standards
Need easy, high speed, PC style communication
Multi-Point Access
Different parts of system need device access
Devices need to be system wide resource
Web and Remote Communication
Access to web-based resources
Remote information transfer
Internet

4. Today’s Microcontroller Selection
Wide range of MCU Cores
8/16/32 Bit
On-chip Memory
Interrupt System
JTAG Debug and Embedded Trace Macrocell
CAN Interface (2.0B)
Dual Burst Flash
512KB Main
32KB 2nd level
Power management, RTC, reset and watchdog, internal oscillator and PLL
80 GPIO Pins
96KB SRAM, optional battery back-up
16-bit standard Timers including PWM
10/100 Ethernet MAC with DMA and MII
USB Full-speed Slave
9 Programmable DMA Channels
96MHz ARM966-EJS
3-Phase Induction Motor Controller (IMC)
Three style UART’s
Two fast I2C, 400KHz
Two channels for SPI, SSI or Microwire
10-bit A/D converter (eight channels)
Real-Time Clock
Peripherals
I/O Pins, Timers, PWM
A/D and D/A converters
UART, SPI, I2C
Complex communication Peripherals (CAN, USB, Ethernet)
Customers expect support
for specific Microcontrollers.
Block Diagram of STR9x

5. Today’s Microcontroller Selection
Wide range of MCU Cores
8/16/32 Bit
On-chip Memory
Interrupt System
JTAG Debug and Embedded Trace Macrocell
2 CAN Channels
512KB On-chip Flash
Power management, RTC, reset and watchdog, internal oscillator and PLL
104 GPIO Pins
32KB SRAM, 2KB Battery back-up RAM
16-bit standard Timers including PWM
10/100 Ethernet MAC with DMA & 16KB Static RAM
USB 2.0 Interface with 8KB Static RAM
2 Programmable DMA Channels
72MHz ARM7TDMI-S
SD/MMC Memory Card I/F
10-bit D/A converter
Three I2C Interfaces
Two channels for SPI or SSP
10-bit A/D converter (eight channels)
Four style UART’s
Peripherals
I/O Pins, Timers, PWM
A/D and D/A converters
UART, SPI, I2C
Complex communication peripherals (CAN, USB, Ethernet)
Customers expect support
for specific Microcontrollers.
Block Diagram of LPC2378

6. RealView Real-Time Library
Extensive library of common ready-to-use middleware components,
speed software development.
RealView
RTX Source Code
TCP/IP Suite
Flash File System
USB Device Interface
CAN Interface
Examples and Templates
Real-Time Library
Meets Embedded Developers needs
Solves common embedded challenges
Real-Time systems
Embedded communication & networking
Designed for use with MCU devices
Extensive Range of Examples
Easy to begin working.
Can be used as building blocks.
Royalty Free
Includes RTX source code.
License – single user, multi project

7. TCP/IP Networking Suite
RL-TCPnet
TCP/IP Networking Suite

8. TCPnet Networking Suite
Ground-up design for embedded applications, maximum performance, minimum memory requirement and easy to use.
Socket Interface
TCP/IP
UDP
Physical Interfaces
Ethernet
PPP (serial connection)
SLIP (dial-up)
Standard Applications
HTTP Web Server with CGI Scripting
Telnet and TFTP Server
SMTP Client
DNS Resolver
Debugging
Multiple debug levels:
Errors only
Complete status information
Status information on UART interface

9. Flexible TCP/IP Communication Layer
TCPnet may be used with or without the RTX Kernel, fully integrated with µVision for easy configuration and debug

10. Scalable TCP/IP Connectivity
Direct PC connection
Easily replaces point-point serial connection
High Speed ~100Mbps
Crossover Patch-Cable

11. Scalable TCP/IP Connectivity
Simple Network
More flexible system
Easily expanded
LAN
Ethernet Switch

12. Scalable TCP/IP Connectivity
Complex Network
Multiple devices and interfaces
Easy data sharing
Flexible configuration
LAN
Ethernet Switch

13. Scalable TCP/IP Connectivity
Internet Connectivity
TCPnet provides easy solution to connect to the world
LAN
Router
Internet

14. Serial TCP/IP Connectivity
Classic Serial Modem Interface
TCPnet provides serial interface support for PPP/SLIP
Internet
RS232
Telephone Line
PPP/SLIP
Modem

15. Flexible TCP/IP Connectivity
Cellular / Wireless Interface
Extended to wireless world
RS232
PPP/SLIP
GPRS/GSM
Internet
RS232
Telephone Line
PPP/SLIP
Modem

16. Examples and Templates
RL-ARM Examples
Examples and Templates

17. RTX & TCPnet Examples
Example Projects show a complete configuration and help you to get started quickly.
All examples are ready to run on Evaluation Boards.
..\Examples
..\Boards
RTOS Kernel Examples
Artx_ex1 Use basic RTOS kernel features: timeouts & signals
Artx_ex2 Show task priorities and signal passing
Mailbox Using the Mailbox and Memory Allocation functions
Traffic Complete Traffic Light Controller with serial communication
TCPnet Networking Examples (run on Atmel, NXP and ST Evaluation Boards)
Http_demo HTTP Server with Password Protection and CGI Scripting
Telnet_demo Telnet Server shows a simple IP based command line interface
DNS_demo Using the DNS Resolver that connects to host names
LEDSwitch Controlling with TCP/IP, UCP via Ethernet, SLIP or PPP Link
SMTP_demo Shows sending of a dynamic message to an address 17

18. RTX & TCPnet Examples HTTP Server with CGI Interface
Server provides authentication and allows multiple sessions
A CGI interface allows interaction with MCU hardware

19. TCPnet Examples LED Switch
LED’s can be controlled via PC or other eval board
Uses TCP and UDP
PC running LED Switch Client
LAN
LEDSwitch Utility (complete source code in
\Keil\ARM\Utilities\LEDSwitch)
Ethernet Switch
Evaluation Boards with LED Switch Client

20. TCPnet Examples: Memory Footprint
HTTP Server: Web Server supporting dynamic Web pages and CGI Scripting
Telnet Server: with command line interface, authorization etc
TFTP Server: for uploading files (for example Web pages to a Web Server)
SMTP Client: for sending automated s
LED Switch Server and Client: shows basic TCP/IP and UDP communication
DNS Resolver: used to resolve IP address from the Host name
Demo Example
Total ROM Size
Total RAM Size
HTTP Server (without RTX Kernel)
41,984 Bytes
20,112 Bytes
HTTP Server (with RTX Kernel)
45,240 Bytes
21,776 Bytes
Telnet Server
22,312 Bytes
TFTP Server
34,996 Bytes
24,320 Bytes
SMTP Client
16,736 Bytes
19,600 Bytes
LED Switch Server
11,220 Bytes
19,568 Bytes
LED Switch Client
15,328 Bytes
19,576 Bytes
DNS Resolver
19,776 Bytes

21. RL-Flash
Flash File System

22. Flash File System (RL-Flash)
RL-ARM includes a Flash File System that allows to create, save, read and modify files on ROM, RAM, classic Flash ROM, and Memory Cards
Classic C File I/O Functions interface to
RAM or ROM images
Standard Flash ROM
SD or MMC Memory Cards
Configurable algorithm similar to ULINK2 Flash Programming
Lightweight interface with small hardware requirements
SD / MMC Memory Cards
via proven SPI or MMC interface available in many ARM based Microcontrollers
Format Function and Time Stamps (only interface to RTC needed)
using FAT12 or FAT16 Flash File System (8.3 Filename conventions)
Flash File System
Flash Driver
File Table
FAT12/16
Flash ROM
RAM
SD/MMC
Standard C File I/O Functions
ROM

23. RL-Flash Examples SD Memory Card File I/O with SD Memory Card
Simple Command Interface
Targets for UART or Real-Time Agent
SD Card

24. RL-USB
USB Device Interface

25. USB Device Interface (RL-USB)
RL-ARM includes Device Interfaces for common USB device classes which have default support in Windows 2000/XP/Vista (no driver hassle).
Templates for standard ARM processor-based Microcontrollers
Proven Hardware Layer
USB Event Handler (HW specific)
Generic USB Core
Common USB Device Classes (HID, MSD, Audio)
RTX Messages Interface
enough power for other user tasks
Common USB Device Classes
Human Interface Device (HID): Mouse, Keyboard, Control Device
Audio Device: Speaker, Microphone, Audio CD
Mass Storage Device (MSD): USB Stick, Camera, (any external files)
Communication Device: USB-COM Adapter, Telephone Modem (due Q4 2007)

26. USB Core Configuration using the µVision Configuration Wizard
RL-USB Configuration
Implementing USB Devices requires USB know-how even when RL-ARM simplifies the configuration of the main USB parameters.
Use a standard USB Template
Adjust USB Core Parameters
Update the Device Descriptors
Extend the USB Event Handlers
Composite Devices
USB Core Configuration
Specify USB Event Handlers
Add USB Classes
Configure the Device Descriptor
Implement USB Class Code
Add USB Class Code from the related USB Template
Re-assign USB Event Handlers
USB Core Configuration using the
µVision Configuration Wizard

27. RL-USB Templates HID Template Other USB Templates
HID Template
Connects to PC without driver
LED’s can be controlled from PC application
Switches are reported to the PC application
LEDSwitch Utility (complete source code in
\Keil\ARM\Utilities\USB_Client1)
USB HID
Other USB Templates
Audio: implements a PC Speaker
MSD: implements a Memory Stick

28. RL-CAN
CAN Interface

29. RL-CAN Example Using Keil MCB2300 or MCBSTR9 Evaluation Board
A/D Converter gets input voltage from Potentiometer
Input Voltage send every second (via CAN2)
Message received via CAN is displayed on LED’s (via CAN1)
Using µVision Simulation
Script generates
A/D input voltage
Messages received via CAN2
Analog Input Voltage
CAN Tx
Incremental Script
CAN Rec
LED’s

30. Virtual Simulation Registers (VTREG)
µVision provides VTREGs for controlling of serial communication (CAN, I2C, SSP, SPI). CAN I/O is simulated using the following VTREGs.

31. µVision Debug & Signal Functions
Users define and generate complex input functions
as stimulus to simulation models.
Simulates Complex Input
Scripts for CAN Input and Output Messages
Signal Functions
Automated Message Processing
Periodic CAN Messages
FUNC void SendCANmessage (void) {
CAN0ID = 0x4500;// message ID = 0x CAN0L = 2; // message length 2 bytes CAN0B0 = 0x12; // message data byte 0 CAN0B1 = 0x34; // message data byte 1 CAN0IN = 2; // send message with 29-bit ID }
FUNC void Print_CANmessage (void) {
switch (CAN0OUT) {
case 1: printf("\nSend 11-bit ID=%X", CANAID); break;
case 2: printf("\nSend 29-bit ID=%X", CANAID); break;
case 3: printf("\nRequest 11-bit ID=%X", CANAID); return;
case 4: printf("\nRequest 29-bit ID=%08X", CANAID); return; }
printf("\nMessage Length %d, Data: ", CAN0L);
printf("%X … %X", CAN0B0, …, CAN0B7);

32. Need More Help? Application Notes on www.keil.com/appnotes
192: Using TCP/IP Examples on ARM Powered Evaluation Boards
195: Developing HID USB Device Drivers For Embedded Systems

33. RTX Real-Time Kernel

34. Why use a Real-Time Kernel?
Building Block
Software / Hardware interface layer
Easy expansion of system software
Hardware independent
House Keeping
Process scheduling
CPU resource management
Task communication
Focus on Application Development
Leave basic system management

35. Software Concepts for ARM
The ARM core requires a different mindset for embedded applications. ARM7 & ARM9 have just two interrupt levels Standard (IRQ) and Fast (FIQ) but provide CPU modes with separate interrupt stacks for predictable stack requirements.
‘main’ as End-less Loop
Solution for simple applications
Usage together with powerful multi-level interrupt system
Stack usage un-predictable
Using a Real-Time Kernel
Allows application to be separated into independent tasks
Message passing eliminates critical memory buffers
Each task has an own stack area
Interrupt communication with event flags and messages

36. What makes a Good RTOS Performance Ease of Use System Friendly
Predictable behaviour
Low latency
High number of interrupt levels
Ease of Use
Flexible API and implementation
Tool-chain integration.
Scheduling options
Multitasking, Preemptive, Round Robin.
System Friendly
Consumes small amount of system resource
Proven Kernel
Low cost

37. Real-Time? Real-Time does not equal High Speed
Not all tasks are ‘Super High Speed’
Systems perform to deadlines
Tasks need to complete before deadline and other tasks
Real-Time OS not to be confused with high speed requirements
Real-Time, not mission critical
Varying levels of Real-Time
Hard, Firm, Soft and Non
RTOS not confined to critical systems
Real-Time OS = Building Block
RTOS provides easy Multitasking Environment
House keeping tasks

38. RTX Features Main Features
Full-featured Real-Time kernel meets the requirements of
a ‘good’ real-time kernel
Main Features
Multi-Tasking – Round Robin, Pre-emptive, Cooperative
Unlimited – User Timers, Semaphores and Mailboxes
Royalty free
Task Specifications
Priority Levels
256
No. of Tasks Defined
Unlimited
No. of Tasks Active
Context Switch
< 300 Cycles
Interrupt Latency
< 100 Cycles
Memory Requirements
Bytes
CODE Space (depending on used functionality)
1.5K – 5K
RAM Space
(each active task requires an own stack space)
< 500

39. RTX Real-Time Kernel
Full-featured Real-Time kernel designed to meet the challenges of Embedded System Design
Process Management
Create and delete tasks
Change task priorities
Event flag management
Interrupt functions
CPU resources
Multi-Tasking
Preemptive context switching
Scheduling
Semaphore management
Real-Time Control
Deterministic behaviour
Inter-task Communication
Mailbox management
Interface to interrupt functions
Memory Allocation
Thread-safe (usage even in ISR)

40. Tool Chain Integration
RTX is fully integrated into RealView MDK for easy
development and debugging
Compilation
Tasks are integrated into the RealView C Compiler language.
Close integration in RealView MDK (µVision)
µVision IDE automatically includes RTX Libraries
void task1 (void) _task {
… code of task 1 placed here…. }

41. RTX Setup
All major parameters of RTX can be easily changed using the µVision configuration wizard.

42. Kernel Aware Debugging
RTX and µVision are tightly integrated, kernel aware debugging is fully supported.
Tasks and Event analysis
Resource Loading
Allowing resource optimisation 42

43. RL-ARM Examples
RTX Real-Time Kernel

44. RTX Examples Traffic Light
LED’s are timed or controlled by push button
Utilizes interrupt control, event management and multitasking capabilities of RTX Kernel
Demonstrates RTX concepts

45. RTX Examples CAN Example using RTX Mailbox and event handling
CAN Send (Tx) – shows automatic data handling capabilities
CAN Rec – message checking with instant message receipt
– task wait and return
– almost impossible without Real-Time Kernel
Analog Input Voltage
CAN Tx
Incremental Script
CAN Rec
LED’s

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