1. SUMMARY COMMENTS ON REPORT BY DR. G. THYNE
Anthony W. Gorody Ph. D., P.G.
President
Universal Geoscience Consulting, Inc.

2. ASSERTIONS COVERED Dissolved methane in groundwater is increasing
Biogenic methane is actually thermogenic
Williams Fork is the only source of thermogenic gas
Chloride concentrations are increasing
Chloride is derived from produced waters

3. DUPLICATE ANALYSES NOT CONSIDERED

4. Dissolved methane concentration in duplicate
SAMPLING VARIATION*
Dissolved methane concentration in duplicate
samples varies by 9% plus or minus 90 ug/L)
*Collected from water wells only
* ug/L = micrograms per liter or .001 milligrams per liter
PAGE 5
FIGURE 1

5. GAS COMPOSITION NOT CONSIDERED

6. SOPHISTICATED FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF GASES FINGERPRINTING GAS SOURCES
COMPOSITION
NON HYDROCARBONS:
N2, Ar, O2, CO2, H2S, He, H2
GAS RATIOS
Relative abundance of non-hydrocarbons to hydrocarbons
Ratios relative to Argon
HYDROCARBONS:
C1, C2, C3, nC4, iC4, nC5, iC5
Relative abundance
STABLE ISOTOPES
CARBON
DEUTERIUM

7. DID YOU KNOW? BULK OF EARTH’S ORGANIC CARBON LOCKED UP AS BIOGENIC METHANE?
20% OF THE WORLD’S COMMERCIAL GAS RESERVES
ARE COMPOSED OF BIOGENIC METHANE

8. METHANE SOURCES ARE IDENTIFIED ON BASIS OF DIFFERING ATOMIC WEIGHT
BIOGENIC
THERMOGENIC

9. BIOGENIC GAS SIGNATURE
Light Methane
Ethane

10. MAMM CREEK FIELD PRODUCED GAS COMPOSITION AVAILABLE BUT NOT CONSIDERED
Average CO2 = 0.84% (max 3.5%)
Average CH4/CO2 = 115 (min 34)
Average C1/C2 = 22 (max 31)
Average C2/C3 = 2.5 (max 3.1) 10
Table 1

11. DID YOU KNOW? THERMOGENIC METHANE IS ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER GASES
Butane
Propane
Ethane
Heavy Methane
Light Biogenic
Methane
Pentane
Carbon Dioxide

12. OTHER SOURCES OF THERMOGENIC HYDROCARBONS NOT CONSIDERED

13. DID YOU KNOW? COMMERCIAL WELLS PRODUCE NATURAL GAS FROM THE WASATCH FM IN RULISON
FIGURE 8
PAGE 18 13

14. SAND
GAS
FIGURE 5
SHALLOW GAS WIRELINE LOG G33 PAD WITH THERMOGENIC GAS COMPOSITION TABLE
PAGE 15

15. MANY MAMM CREEK FIELD BRADENHEAD GASES DIFFER FROM UNDERLYING WILLIAMS FORK
PAGE 17
FIGURE 7

16. CHLORIDE DATA NOT CONSIDERED

17. CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION IN WELLS THROUGH TIME IS VARIABLE
DID YOU KNOW?
CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION IN WELLS
THROUGH TIME IS VARIABLE
This diagram excludes a few sites with more than 400 mg/L chloride to make points more visible. The explanation that best accounts for large observed differences in chloride concentration is that most domestic water wells tap stacked aquifers. The relative contribution of bicarbonate and chloride type waters in any given water well varies randomly and does not vary systematically with time. Therefore high chloride values observed at any given site do not necessarily imply any kind of impact.
Line of no difference
Upper concentration limit
Cut off for illustration
PAGE 23
FIGURE 9

18. Of 5 wells with the longest sampling history,
four show an average decrease with time
FIGURE 10
PAGE 24

19. CHLORIDE SOURCES NOT CONSIDERED

20. DID YOU KNOW? THERE ARE CHLORIDE SALTS IN THE GREEN RIVER FORMATION

21. FISH TRAPPED IN EVAPORATING POOLS OF WATER
GREEN RIVER FORMATION

22. THE DIVIDE CREEK RECHARGE ZONE DRAINS FROM THE OVERLYING GREEN RIVER OUTCROP WHICH CONTAINS CHLORIDE SALTS
URS STUDY
AREA
Green River
Formation
Wasatch
Battlement Mesa
Garfield
Mesa
Lava flow
basalts
PAGE 26
Adapted from 1:250,000 CO geologic map

23. GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS BELOW GROUND
ADAPTED FROM Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory 2003 MAP
BASALTS ERODED
FIGURE 12
PAGE 27

24. WATER ISOTOPE DATA NOT CONSIDERED
WATER WELLS
SURFACE WATER
MONITOR WELLS (DIVIDE CREEK)
Modern global
precipitation line
ALL WATER SAMPLES FALL
ON MODERN METEORIC
WATER LINE
PAGE 29
FIGURE 13

25. SOLUTE FOR SODIUM CHLORIDE IS MODERN RAIN WATER
Sea
Water
WELLS WITH UP TO
500 mg/L Cl are derived
from rain dissolving salts
PAGE 30
FIGURE 14

26. CONCLUSIONS No one can reproduce results Available data not honored
Multiple hypotheses not considered or discussed