1. leucocytes Benign Disorders
Nada Mohamed Ahmed ,
MD, MT (ASCP)i

2. Contents. Quantitative Qualitative Definitions Classification
Benign WBCs disorders
Quantitative
Change in number
Qualitative
Change in (function & structure)

4. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS
Terminology
Cytosis / philia
Increase in number
Cytopenia
Decrease in number

5. How to diffrentiate between LEUCOCYTOSIS and LEUCOPENIA
Relative vs Absolute values
Total white blood cell count
Differential count
Absolute count
Differential gives the relative percentage of each WBC
Absolute value gives the actual number of each WBC/mm3 of blood
Calculation: absolute count= Total WBC x percent

6. Quantitative changes (LEUCOCYTOSIS)
Leucocytes
Phagocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranulocytes
Mononuclear phagocytic cells
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
B-cells
T-cells

7. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Quantitative changes
Definition:
(LEUCOCYTOSIS) increase WBCs count more than normal range
decrease TWBC lower than the normal range for the ,the body more susceptible to infection
(LEUCOPENIA)
Normal range (adult)
x 109/L

8. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Quantitative changes (contd.)
Granulocytosis
Increase in the count of all or one of the granulocytic component
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Agranulocytosis
Decrease in the count of all or one granulocytic component

9. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Quantitative changes (NEUTROPHILIA)
Definition
Increase in the number of neutrophils and / or its precursors
In adults count >7.5 x 109/L
Causes of Neutrophilia
Infection
Bacterial
Inflammatory conditions
Autoimmune disorders
Marrow infiltration/fibrosis
Myeloproliferative disorders

10. Quantitative changes (NEUTROPENIA)
Neutropenia is a decrease in Neutrophils absolute count.
Causes of Neutropenia
Drugs(chemotherapy of cancer patients)
Irradiation exposure
Hyperslplenism

11. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Quantitative changes (NEUTROPENIA) contd.
Causes of Neutropenia
Drugs
Irradiation exposure
Immune disorders
HIV
Neonatal i and autoimmune neutropenia
Hyperslplenism

12. Quantitative changes (EOSINOPHILIA)
Increase in the eosinophil count must
The causes of eosinophilia
Allergy
Atopic, drug sensitivity and pulmonary eosinophilia
Infection
Parasites,
Malignancy
Hodgkin’s disease, myeloproliferative disorders
Drugs

13. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Quantitative changes (MONOCYTOSIS)
Increase in Absolute monocytes count
Causes of monocytosis
Infections
Chronic infection (TB, typhoid fever)
Malignant disease
Connective tissue disorders
Ulcerative colitis, Sarcoidosis, Crohn’s disease

14. Quantitative changes (LYMPHOCYTOSIS)
Increase in Absolute lymphocyte count
Causes of LYMPHOCYTOSIS
Infections
Viral infections

15. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Qualitative changes ( structure )
Congenital
Pelger-Huet anomaly
Bilobed and occasional unsegmented neutrophils
Autosomal recessive disorder

16. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Qualitative changes (MORPHOLOGY) contd.
Neutrophil hyper-segmentation
Rare autosomal dominant condition
Neutrophil function is essentially normal
May-Hegglin anomaly
Neutrophils contain basophilic inclusions of RNA
Occasionally there is associated leucopenia
Thrombocytopenia and giant platelet are frequent

17. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Qualitative changes (MORPHOLOGY) contd.
Alder’s anomaly
Granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes contain granules which stain purple with Romanowsky stain
Granules contain mucopolysaccharides

18. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Qualitative changes (MORPHOLOGY) contd.
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Autosomal recessive disorder
Giant granules in granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes
Partial occulocutaneous albinism
Depressed migration and degranulation
Recurrent pyogenic infections
Lymphoproliferative syndrome may develop
Treatment is BMT

19. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Qualitative changes (MORPHOLOGY) contd.
Acquired
Toxic granulation
Dohle bodies
Pelger cells
Hypersegmented neutrophils

20. LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS Qualitative changes (FUNCTIONAL)
Leucocyte adhesion deficiency
Chronic granulomatous disease
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Primary immunodeficiency
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Common variable immunodeficiency
Isolated IgA deficiency
T-cell immunodeficiency
Thymic aplasia (Di George syndrome)