1. Mr. Mah Living Environment 11/30/09

2.  What are the two differences between Active Transport and Passive Transport? ◦ Active Transport is Low Concentration to High Concentration ◦ Active Transport required energy (ATP)  In the Sodium Potassium Pump, how many sodium (Na+) are pumped out and how many Potassium (K+) are taken in? ◦ 3 Sodium (Na+) for 2 Potassium (K+)

4. Enzymes are specialized proteins that regulate nearly every biochemical reaction in the cell. “-ase” = enzyme What does it mean to be specialized? To be specialized is to have a specific job. My house key only opens the door to my apartment. If enzymes are specialized, how many do you think we have in our bodies? A lot! Thousands, actually! Think about how many keys are needed to open all the doors in an apartment complex.

5. Substrates are the starting materials of biochemical reactions.

6. Enzymes regulate: a.Digestion (breaking down) b.Synthesis (building up) c.Cellular Respiration d.Photosynthesis Enzymes are catalysts: they speed up chemical reactions without being used up or altered (changed) Without enzymes, biochemical reactions would occur too slowly to sustain life

7. First Second Third The SHAPE!! Each enzyme must have a specific shape to work correctly.

8. Environmental conditions such as temperature and pH will change an enzyme’s shape and can either speed up or slow down its rate of function. Enzymes stop working when conditions are not at optimal conditions! Optimal: ideal or best Need optimal temperatures and optimal pH

9. Rate of Enzyme Activity is influenced by: Temperature (higher temperature = more activity until the enzyme’s protein denatures) Denatures: changes shape

10. Rate of Enzyme Activity is influenced by: pH (usually in the range of 6-8 for humans) Acidic Basic